India plays an important role in the production of oilseeds, which are mainly cultivated for future extraction of their oil. In addition to the energic and nutritional contribution of these seeds, oilseeds are rich sources of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds, proteins, minerals). A regular and moderate dietary supplementation of oilseeds promotes health, prevents the appearance of certain diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers) and delays the aging process. Due to their relevant content in nutraceutical molecules, oilseeds and some of their associated processing wastes have raised interest in food and pharmaceutical industries searching for innovative products whose application provides health benefits to consumers. Furthermore, a circular economy approach could be considered regarding the re-use of oilseeds’ processing waste. The present article highlights the different oilseed types, the oilseeds-derived bioactive compounds as well as the health benefits associated with their consumption. In addition, the different types of extractive techniques that can be used to obtain vegetable oils rich from oilseeds, such as microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), are reported. We conclude that the development and improvement of oilseed markets and their byproducts could offer even more health benefits in the future, when added to other foods.

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Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Behavior of Bioactive Compounds of Miracle Oilseeds: An Overview

An immunomodulatory polysaccharide (DAP4) was extracted, purified, and characterized from Durvillaea antarctica. The results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that the polysaccharide was a fucoidan, and was mainly composed of (1→3)-α-l-Fucp and (1→4)-α-l-Fucp residues with a small degree of branching at C-3 of (1→4)-α-l-Fucp residues. Sulfate groups were at C-4 of (1→3)-α-l-Fucp, C-2 of (1→4)-α-l-Fucp and minor C-6 of (1→4)-β-d-Galp. Small amounts of xylose and galactose exist in the forms of β-d-Xylp-(1→ and β-d-Gal-(1→. The immunomodulatory activity of DAP4 was measured on RAW 264.7 cells, the results proved that DAP4 exhibited excellent immunomodulatory activities, such as promoted the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, increased NO production, as well as enhanced phagocytic of macrophages. Besides, DAP4 could also produce better enhancement on the vitality of NK cells. For the high immunomodulatory activity, DAP4 might be a potential source of immunomodulatory fucoidan with a novel structure.

/pdf/purification-chemical-characterization-and-immunomodulatory-hw4ixof3.pdf

Purification, Chemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Sulfated Polysaccharide from Marine Brown Algae Durvillaea antarctica

The present study used surveys of the cattle sector over the period of 2009–2015 to develop a typology of cattle farms to evaluate their evolution over time and to identify variables that may be associated with systems’ adaptive changes and continuance. Four groups of farms were defined using multivariate analyses as follows: Group I are small calf-cow operations using non-specialized beef breeds; Group II is similar to Group I but employs specialized beef breeds; Group III is dedicated to finishing cattle, and Group IV are larger farms (>1000 animals) with a complete cycle of breeding and fattening. In general, beef cattle production in the temperate—Mediterranean Southern Zone of Chile is declining in response to the opening up of the economy that allows for ample imports, the high opportunity cost of land, and recurrent droughts associated with climate change. Current policies and regulations have modified farms’ businesses models depending on their ease of access to markets, farm size and financial capacity. The defined groups require different development paths and strategies. Sustainable intensification is an alternative strategy for farms in Group I and II, particularly if they were to contract the finishing stage of their cattle with Group III farms. In contrast, it is suggested that Group IV farms concentrate on pastoral production using low external inputs to enhance the production of “natural” beef for high-value niche markets, with positive externalities.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/12/1135/pdf

Trends and Drivers of Change of Pastoral Beef Production Systems in a Mediterranean-Temperate Climate Zone of Chile.

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Bovine Feed Manipulation, Enhancement of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Its Bioavailability

Increasing demands for land is necessitating the optimisation of grazing land used for livestock production. Hormonal growth promoter implants (HGPI) are widely used to improve cattle performance and thus land-use efficiency. However, there is limited information on their efficacy in grazing systems. Forty grazing steers, 10 of each breed (Angus, Hereford, Holstein, Overo Colorado), had growth rates monitored for 85 days after which half received HGPI and half continued as a control. Growth rates were monitored for an additional 61 days and performance between the groups compared. Implants had a significant impact on liveweight gain (LWG; p = 0.013), and whilst breed did not (p = 0.65), there was an interaction effect of breed × treatment (p = 0.029). For three of the four breeds, the LWG was greater in the implant group (mean +14.3%). The exception was for Holstein steers which did not respond to the implant. In general, HGPI were found to be effective in increasing LWG of grazing cattle and thus has the potential to increase yield densities and relieve pressures of land use and competition. The efficacy may be affected by breed and other extraneous factors not covered in this study. Furthermore, the use of HGPI must be carefully considered in a wider context since its use might have secondary impacts.

Efficacy of Hormonal Growth Promoter Implants on the Performance of Grazing Steers of Different Breeds in Southern Chile

Dietary inclusion of Durvillaea antarctica meal and rapeseed (Brassica napus) oil on growth, feed utilization and fillet quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Bulls in dairy production are usually slaughtered at an early age to avoid production problems and unnecessary costs. However, the animals could be a source of additional income and better quality meat. The objective of this work was to determine the characteristic and quantity of fatty acids of the Longissimus thoracis muscle of dairy bulls finished at pasture and in an intensive feeding system. Sixteen 14-mo old Holstein Friesian dairy bulls with initial live weights (LW) of 340 ± 20 kg were randomly assigned to bulls with daily pasture silage and kale (Brassica oleracea L.) supplements and 1.0% concentrate at pasture (T1) and bulls with pasture silage supplements and 2% concentrate in confinement (T2). No differences (P > 0.05) were found between treatments for dressing percentage, rib eye area, and fat cover when animals were slaughtered at 21-mo, with LW 550 kg. However, kidney fat for T1 and T2 of 4.44 and 2.61 kg an-1, respectively, were different (P < 0.05) as was pH, where T2 had a higher value (5.72) than T1 (5.46). Significant differences (P < 0.05) between treatments were found for all polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) c-9, t-11, C18:2 n-6 trans, C18:3 n-3, C22:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, with higher levels for T1. Beef from the forage-fed bulls (T1) had an n-6: n-3 ratio below 4.0.

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David Cancino

Papers

Dietary inclusion of Durvillaea antarctica meal and rapeseed (Brassica napus) oil on growth, feed utilization and fillet quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Beef production from dairy bulls under two different production systems and its effect on the fatty acid profile and beef quality