Purpose: To hypothesize a new theory based on soft tissue reference points on lateral profile photographs (LPPs) for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO), as there is need to explore for simple strategies. Materials and Methods: Fifty-three participants in the age range of 20–27 years who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. LPPs were taken for all participants using standard protocol and duplicate copies obtained, on which five soft tissue reference points, nasion (Stn), subnasale (Stsn), porion (Stp), gnathion (Stgn), and gonion (Stg) (Stg prenoted on the face) were marked and joined to form angles; distance between Stsn and Stgn was considered as VDO in LPP (VDO-LP). The angle formed between Stn-Stsn-Stgn and Stn-Stsn-Stg; Stp-Stg-Stgn and Stp-Stg-Stsn was correlated; two simple linear regression models were developed to predict Stn-Stsn-Stgn and Stp-Stg-Stgn using Stn-Stsn-Stg and Stp-Stg-Stsn as independent variables. Using the formulae, VDO-LP predicted was constructed and correlated with the actual values. Results: The angle Stn-Stsn-Stgn had a statistically significant moderate positive correlation with Stn-Stsn-Stg (r = 0.57, P Conclusion: With the use of simple landmarks on LPP, it is possible to reconstruct the lost facial dimensions during prosthetic replacement of lost teeth.

Determination of vertical dimension of occlusion using lateral profile photographs: A pilot study.

Objectives: Measuring the Vertical Dimension (VD) and Inter-Occlusal-Distance (IOD) is necessary for fabrication of fixed or removable prostheses. Generally, IOD is considered as 2 to 4 mm in the first-premolars-region of all patients which is questionable. Because IOD may be different in Angle class I, II, and III. The objective of current research was to examine IOD in different-occlusion-classes in Iranian population. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional-research was carried out on 124 students of different faculties of Tehran University (N=124).74 of them were Class I, 25 were Class II, and 25 were Class III. 62 male and 62 female students were included in the study. The selected students seated on a dental unit in vertical position without headrest and asked to look forward. Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO) and Vertical Dimension of Rest Position (VDR) were measured using three different methods (swallowing, phonetics, and tactile sense). The difference between VDO and VDR was recorded as IOD of that technique. In order to determine the VD, Nasion and Menton distance was measured using a digital caliper. For determining the ClosestSpeaking-Space (CSS), the students were asked to pronounce a hissing-sound-letter. Then the incisal edges of the maxillary central teeth were marked on the labial surfaces of the mandibular-central-teeth during pronouncing these letters. Another mark was drawn in Maximum-Inter-Cuspal-Position (MIC). The difference between these two marks were calculated as CSS. Results: The means of IODs in the students with Angle’s occlusion of class I, II, and III were 2.61, 2.52 and 2.40 mm, respectively. The means of CSS in the students with Angle’s occlusion of class I, II, and III were 2.42,3.28 and 1.02 mm, respectively. There were not any significant differences between different occlusion classes in IODs. But, there were statistical differences between them in CSSs. There was not any significant relationship between age and gender of the students and IOD and CSS. Conclusions: According to the current study, IOD values in a specific occlusion with each of three methods were significantly different.CSS values in people with different occlusion classes were significantly different. There was no significant relationship between the age and gender of the studied people. IOD and CSS values in the age range of the investigated people had no statistical differences.

comparative evaluation of the inter occlusaldistance and closest speaking space in different angles occlusion classes

Novel biomaterials capable of accelerating the healing process of skeletal tissues are urgently needed in dentistry. The present in vivo study assessed the osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of experimental biphasic bioceramics (HA-TCP) modified or not by a nacre extract (marine organic extract, MOE) in a sheep model. Fabrication of MOE involved mixing ground nacre (0.05 g, particle sizes < 0.1 mm) with glacial ethanoic acid (5 mL, pH 7) for 72 hours using external magnetic stirring (25°C). Nonreactive carriers (sterile polythene tubes; 3/animal, radius: 2.5 mm, length: 10.0 mm) pertaining to the control (empty) or experimental groups (HA-TCP or MOE-modified HA-TCP) were implanted intramuscularly into the abdominal segment of the torso in sheep (n = 8, age: 2 years, weight: 45 kg). Euthanization of animals was performed at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Tissues harvested were subjected to macroscopic and radiographic assessments. Specimens were then stained for histological analysis. Both control and experimental animals were capable of inducing the neoformation of fibrous connective tissue at both time points where superior amounts of tissue formation and mineralization were detected for experimental groups (unaltered (at 3 and 6 mos) and MOE-modified HA-TCP (at 3 mos)). Histological results, however, revealed that mature bone formation was only observed for specimens fabricated with MOE-modified HA-TCP in a time-dependent manner. The present study has successfully demonstrated the in vivo utility of experimental biphasic bioceramics modified by MOE in an ectopic grafting sheep model. Promising osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties must be further developed and confirmed by subsequent research.

/pdf/the-role-of-marine-organic-extract-in-bone-regeneration-a-ucx331nyux.pdf

The Role of Marine Organic Extract in Bone Regeneration: A Pilot Study

The control of Occlusal Vertical Dimension (OVD)1 is a demanding task for dentists. Establishment of proper occlusal vertical dimension in prosthetic treatment is a important task for clinical procedure.2 No methods are considered to be scientifically accurate in determining the reduced OVD in patients with low occlusal vertical dimension.3 Various factors need to be considered simultaneously during occlusal rehabilitation, such as vertical dimension of occlusion, occlusal contact pattern, centric relation, esthetics and phonetics. Different philosophies have been documented for occlusal rehabilitation and the choice of treatment plan depends on the skills and experience of the dentist.4 The actual basal bone height of the reconstructed maxillary and mandible is relevant to achieve normal OVD for the prosthesis fabricated.5 This paper described a case with vertical distance problem in which we combined orthodontics with implantation to rehabilitate vertical dimension of occlusion.

https://openventio.org/Volume2-Issue2/Combined-Orthodontic-with-Implant-to-Rehabilitate-Vertical-Dimension-of-Occlusion-DOJ-2-112.pdf

Combined Orthodontic with Implant to Rehabilitate Vertical Dimension of Occlusion

Bone generally displays a high intrinsic capacity to regenerate. Nonetheless, large osseous defects sometimes fail to heal. The treatment of such large segmental defects still represents a considerable clinical challenge. The regeneration of large bone defects often proves difficult, since it relies on the formation of large amounts of bone within an environment impedimental to osteogenesis, characterized by soft tissue damage and hampered vascularization. Consequently, research efforts have concentrated on tissue engineering and regenerative medical strategies to resolve this multifaceted challenge. In this review, we summarize, critically evaluate, and discuss present approaches in light of their clinical relevance; we also present future advanced techniques for bone tissue engineering, outlining the steps to realize for their translation from bench to bedside. The discussion includes the physiology of bone healing, requirements and properties of natural and synthetic biomaterials for bone reconstruction, their use in conjunction with cellular components and suitable growth factors, and strategies to improve vascularization and the translation of these regenerative concepts to in vivo applications. We conclude that the ideal all-purpose material for scaffold-guided bone regeneration is currently not available. It seems that a variety of different solutions will be employed, according to the clinical treatment necessary.

/pdf/scaffold-guided-bone-regeneration-for-the-treatment-of-large-1swe4y8s.pdf

Scaffold Guided Bone Regeneration for the Treatment of Large Segmental Defects in Long Bones

The occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) refers to the length of the face as determined by the amount of separation of the jaws. Its determination is important for the manufacture of restorations. However, defining the correct occlusal vertical dimension for edentulous patients is one of the most important steps for function and esthetics rehabilitation. Cephalometry is a standardized method of assessing dental and facial proportions and their interrelation. Additionally, cephalometric analysis of the facial vertical dimension can establish an individual pattern for each patient. This analysis should become a permanent part of each patient's record. Hence, this study presented a case report with the use of cephalometry as an auxiliary tool in the rehabilitation of OVD. Clinical relevance showed that cephalometric analysis can be an accurate and convenient instrument to treatment planning and prognostic of oral rehabilitation. The reader should understand the clinical implications of using cephalometry as a tool in the rehabilitation of OVD.

/pdf/cephalometric-approach-to-the-occlusal-vertical-dimension-1lnjtqq9tw.pdf

David Gulin Neto

Papers

Cephalometric approach to the occlusal vertical dimension reestablishment

In vivo regeneration functionalities of experimental organo-biomaterials containing water-soluble nacre extract.