Showing papers by "David Long published in 1985"
TL;DR: Four additional groups of monoclonal antibodies appear to react with discontinuous epitopes of gD-1, since the reactivity of these antibodies was lost when the glycoprotein was denatured by reduction and alkylation.
Abstract: We previously defined eight groups of monoclonal antibodies which react with distinct epitopes of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D (gD). One of these, group VII antibody, was shown to react with a type-common continuous epitope within residues 11 to 19 of the mature glycoprotein (residues 36 to 44 of the predicted sequence of gD). In the current investigation, we have localized the sites of binding of two additional antibody groups which recognize continuous epitopes of gD. The use of truncated forms of gD as well as computer predictions of secondary structure and hydrophilicity were instrumental in locating these epitopes and choosing synthetic peptides to mimic their reactivity. Group II antibodies, which are type common, react with an epitope within residues 268 to 287 of the mature glycoprotein (residues 293 to 312 of the predicted sequence). Group V antibodies, which are gD-1 specific, react with an epitope within residues 340 to 356 of the mature protein (residues 365 to 381 of the predicted sequence). Four additional groups of monoclonal antibodies appear to react with discontinuous epitopes of gD-1, since the reactivity of these antibodies was lost when the glycoprotein was denatured by reduction and alkylation. Truncated forms of gD were used to localize these four epitopes to the first 260 amino acids of the mature protein. Competition experiments were used to assess the relative positions of binding of various pairs of monoclonal antibodies. In several cases, when one antibody was bound, there was no interference with the binding of an antibody from another group, indicating that the epitopes were distinct. However, in other cases, there was competition, indicating that these epitopes might share some common amino acids.
168 citations
TL;DR: Synthetic vaccines based on gD show promise and should be more rigorously tested in a variety of animal models, although the peptides were not as effective as gD in protection against an intraperitoneal challenge.
Abstract: Glycoprotein D (gD) of herpes simplex virus (HSV) protects mice from a lethal challenge by either HSV type 1 (HSV-1; oral) or HSV-2 (genital). We evaluated whether synthetic peptides representing residues 1 through 23 of gD (mature protein) can be used as a potential synthetic herpesvirus vaccine. The immunogenicity of the peptides was demonstrated by the biological reactivity of antipeptide sera in immunoprecipitation and neutralization assays. All sera which immunoprecipitated gD had neutralizing against both HSV-1 and HSV-2. The highest titers were found in animals immunized with the longest peptides. The region of residues 1 through 23 was immunogenic regardless of whether the type 1 or type 2 sequence was presented to the animal. Immunization of mice with gD or synthetic peptides conferred solid protection against a footpad challenge with HSV-2. However, the peptides were not as effective as gD in protection against an intraperitoneal challenge. The results suggested that synthetic vaccines based on gD show promise and should be more rigorously tested in a variety of animal models.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a revision of the Quaternary stratigraphy in the UK sector of the central North Sea between 560 N and 58 0 N (Fig. 1) has revealed a more complete sequence of Pleistocene sediments than was previously known.
Abstract: A revision of the Quaternary stratigraphy in the UK sector of the central North Sea between 560 N and 58 0 N (Fig. 1) has revealed a more complete sequence of Pleistocene sediments than was previously known. A regional seismostratigraphic framework has been established, and palaeomagnetic and micropalaeontological analysis of borehole data has identified sediments ranging from Lower Pleistocene to Holocene in age. This contrasts with earlier studies which suggested that the bulk of the Quaternary succession was of Upper Pleistocene (Middle to Upper Weichselian) age. Kurzfassung. Wie eine quartiirstratigraphische Revision im britischen Sektor der zentralen Nord see zwischen 560 N und 58 0 N (siehe Abb. 1) ergab, ist die quartiire Sedimentabfolge wesentlich umfangreicher, als bisher angenommen wurde. So sind bislang die quartiiren Sedimente nur dem hochsten Pleistoziin (mittleres bis oberes Weichsel-Glazial) zugeordnet worden. Auswertungen seismischer Messungen sowie paliiomagnetische und mikropaliionotologische Analysen fiihrten da gegen zum Nachweis von Sedimenten des tiefen Pleistoziins bis Holoziins. Introduction The central North Sea was initially surveyed by the British Geological Survey (BGS) during the period from 1969 to 1975 and a preliminary, informal Quaternary strati graphy was erected (HOLMES 1977, THOMSON & EDEN 1977), However, the acquisition of geophysical and geological data in 1980/81 by the BGS, as part of their regional off shore 1 :250,000 scale mapping programme of the UK continental shelf, has necessitated a reappraisal of the stratigraphic sequence. By combining the old and new data a revision of the earlier stratigraphy and its informal nomenclature has been completed (STOKER et a!., in press), and we present here a summary of that study. The revised stratigraphic succession is illustrated in Fig. 2 and the old and new stratigraphic terminology is presented in Table 1. The new nomenclature adopts the 'formation' as the primary local unit. As the stratigraphic sequence is based on earlier work, however, pre-existing geo':. Authors' address: Dr. M. S. STOKER, D. LONG, J. A. FYFE, British Geological Survey, Marine Geology Research Programme, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3LA, U. K. 10 Newsletters 14 (3) 0078-0421(85(0014-0119 $ 2.50 © 1985 Gebruder Bamtraeger, D-tOOO Berlin· D-7000 Stuttgart (c) 2015 www.schweizerbart.com DOI:10.1127/nos/14/1985/119
57 citations
TL;DR: A three-generation family that demonstrates cosegregation of alleles at the EsD locus and the R b locus indicates that predictions of the Rb gene carrier state based on EsD genotyping are at least 90% accurate.
Abstract: • The gene for hereditary retinoblastoma (Rb), an autosomal dominant trait localized to the long arm of chromosome 13, is linked to the locus for the enzyme esterase D (EsD). We analyzed a three-generation family that demonstrates cosegregation of alleles at the EsD locus and the Rb locus. This kindred yields a logarithm of the odds ratio (LOD) score of 2.46 at a recombination fraction (θ) of 0.0. When combined with five other recently reported families, the resulting maximum score was 11.08 at θ = 0.0. This combined LOD score and the lack of demonstrable crossovers in more than 65 individuals indicate that predictions of the Rb gene carrier state based on EsD genotyping are at least 90% accurate.
21 citations