자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

The power of feedback.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/5/110/206.full.pdf

The american psychological association.

国際生活機能分類(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF)にみた福祉・保健・医療の専門職協働における連携に関する貢献と課題

Within the mental health field, one of the most influential movements of the past decade is one referred to as evidence-based practice. This movement has sought to systematically identify and promote the implementation of scientifically established treatments. Although this movement emerged as part of the natural need to determine how to best respond to mental health conditions, we suggest that like many social, political, and scientific developments, it is not without its potential dangers, no matter how unintended. In this short piece, we wish to explore three potentially initially unforeseen risks that we believe may have emerged with this movement. These are a loss of focus on (a) the context within which human suffering occurs; (b) what generates change; and (c) how change should be measured. Our intention is to stimulate discussion about possible issues that are arising as this movement progresses. We explicitly, however, do not wish to turn back the clock or support a nostalgic longing for an idealized past. Space constraints limit our ability to comment on the achievements of the evidence-based practice movement, although they are important and notable. The first issue we would like to raise concerns a loss of the importance of appraising the context, meaning, and ultimately culture within which psychological suffering occurs. The evidence-based practice movement has its roots in cautious assessment of what should be addressed by treatment. For instance, careful attention is paid to detecting psychosocial deficits and symptoms and then testing which approaches lead to group differences, often in randomized trials. Symptoms of depression, for example, as measured by questionnaire or interview, have been found to decrease after certain manualized interventions. However, psychological suffering and dysfunction can arise in grossly different contexts and hence mean very different things from person to person. As an example, consider five individuals who have reported the identical symptoms of major depression: prolonged sadness, poor sleep, anhedonia, fatigue, feelings of helplessness, poor concentration, and thoughts of death. Now, consider further that these people are (a) a 25-year-old man who was the driver in a car accident that caused the death of a parent; (b) a 35-year-old woman who has obtained a dream job and found it to be hollow; (c) a 45-year-old woman whose aspirations all seem to be met and can find no root for her distress; (d) a 55-year-old man who has secretly married four different women who have just found out about each other; and (e) a 65-year-old woman struggling to adapt to retirement. In this example, the suffering of each individual, albeit fulfilling the same diagnostic criteria, likely has a significantly different meaning, and it is thus difficult to imagine treatment could proceed without an awareness of those different meanings. Certainly, the evidence-based practice movement does not instruct clinicians to ignore this. The concern we raise, however, is the potential that this essential facet of clinical work—namely consideration of the context and meaning of any specific The Potential Loss of the Who and Why of Human Suffering within Evidence-Based Practice

The Potential Loss of the Who and Why of Human Suffering within Evidence-Based Practice

We present our theory of trichotillomania (hair pulling) as a manic phenomenon, complementary to its classic comprehension as a mourning response. Under certain conditions, separation or threat of separation can generate sadness or grief, while in pathological cases, when the loss is experienced as unbearable, the response might be depressive or manic. We suggest that in trichotillomania (TR), like in mania, manic defenses are used to cope with separation. We believe hair pulling is an expression of primary magical thinking, offering the subject an illusion of control and victory over the object. A representative case of a young woman suffering from bipolar disorder with TR is described. Based on our case analysis, we argue that TR may not necessarily be a variant of OCD, but rather classified among the affective disorders.

Trichotillomania and the mourning process: a case report and review of the psychodynamics.

Mental Health Stigma: so much progress and yet a long way to go - Introduction to special issue on stigma.

Objectives Based on previous literature showing that the association between coping styles and outcome depends on the context in which the coping takes place, the current study assessed the association between coping styles and parental distress among mothers with and without serious mental illness (SMI). Method A total of 120 mothers (60 with SMI and 60 without) completed coping and parental distress questionnaires. Associations between having-not having a mental illness, coping styles, and parental distress (as a dependent variable) were examined. Results Having a mental illness was not associated with parental distress, whereas coping styles were. Specifically, for all women (with and without mental illness) coping styles of disengagement and distress externalization were positively related to parental distress. Conclusion and implications for practice Professionals in the field need to be aware of and responsive to the universal stressors of motherhood and support adaptive strategies to cope with such motherhood-related challenges. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

David Roe

Papers

The Potential Loss of the Who and Why of Human Suffering within Evidence-Based Practice

Trichotillomania and the mourning process: a case report and review of the psychodynamics.

Mental Health Stigma: so much progress and yet a long way to go - Introduction to special issue on stigma.

Coping style is associated with parental distress beyond having a mental illness: A study among mothers with and without mental illness.

Introduction to special issue the emerging field of psychiatric rehabilitation.