The addition of inorganic spherical nanoparticles to polymers allows the modification of the polymers physical properties as well as the implementation of new features in the polymer matrix. This review article covers considerations on special features of inorganic nanoparticles, the most important synthesis methods for ceramic nanoparticles and nanocomposites, nanoparticle surface modification, and composite formation, including drawbacks. Classical nanocomposite properties, as thermomechanical, dielectric, conductive, magnetic, as well as optical properties, will be summarized. Finally, typical existing and potential applications will be shown with the focus on new and innovative applications, like in energy storage systems.

/pdf/polymer-nanoparticle-composites-from-synthesis-to-modern-33i4g9r0zv.pdf

Polymer-Nanoparticle Composites: From Synthesis to Modern Applications

Ke yW ords composites, properties, processing, damage, fatigue ■ Abstract Renewable energy resources, of which wind energy is prominent, are part of the solution to the global energy problem. Wind turbine and the rotorblade concepts are reviewed, and loadings by wind and gravity as important factors for the fatigue performance of the materials are considered. Wood and composites are discussed as candidates for rotorblades. The fibers and matrices for composites are described, and their high stiffness, low density, and good fatigue performance are em- phasized. Manufacturing technologies for composites are presented and evaluated with respect to advantages, problems, and industrial potential. The important technologies of today are prepreg (pre-impregnated) technology and resin infusion technology. The mechanical properties of fiber composite materials are discussed, with a focus on fa- tigue performance. Damage and materials degradation during fatigue are described. Testing procedures for documentation of properties are reviewed, and fatigue loading histories are discussed, together with methods for data handling and statistical analysis of (large) amounts of test data. Future challenges for materials in the field of wind turbines are presented, with a focus on thermoplastic composites, new structural ma- terials concepts, new structural design aspects, structural health monitoring, and the coming trends and markets for wind energy.

http://home.eng.iastate.edu/~jdm/engr340-2011/Composite%20materials%20for%20wind%20power%20turbine%20blades.pdf

Composite materials for wind power turbine blades

Continuous fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites are increasingly applied in aircraft structures. These high-performance thermoplastic matrices need processing at high temperatures; therefore, thermal residual stresses arise due to the mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion between the fibres and the thermoplastic matrix. Since residual stresses are inherently present in virtually all composite materials and influence the properties of the composite structures significantly, it is of utmost importance that the residual thermal stresses are taken into account in both design and analytic modelling of composite structures. In order to understand the effects of residual stresses and find ways to decrease their magnitude or use them to our advantage, the factors responsible for the residual stress build-up need to be understood. This first part of a literature review discusses these factors, focusing on thermoplastic composites, and in particular the material properties of their constituents and processing parameters governing stress build-up.

Residual stresses in thermoplastic composites—A study of the literature—Part I: Formation of residual stresses

A review of strategies for improving the degradation properties of laminated continuous-fiber/epoxy composites with carbon-based nanoreinforcements

Thermoplastic composites offer some interesting advantages over their thermoset counterparts like a higher toughness, faster manufacturing and their recyclable nature. Traditional melt processing, however, limits thermoplastic composite parts in size and thickness. As an alternative, reactive processing of textile fiber-reinforced thermoplastics is discussed in this paper: a low viscosity mono- or oligomeric precursor is used to impregnate the fibers, followed by in situ polymerization. Processes that are currently associated to manufacturing of thermoset composites like resin transfer molding, vacuum infusion and resin film infusion, might be used for manufacturing of thermoplastic composite parts in near future. This paper gives an overview of engineering and high-performance plastic materials that are suitable for reactive processing and discusses fundamental differences between reactive processing of thermoplastic and thermoset resins.

Reactive processing of textile fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites – An overview

A polymer matrix composite. The composite is made from a mixture of barium titanate-based particles dispersed in a polymeric resin. The mixture includes more than one barium titanate-based component, with each component having a different composition. The different barium titanate-based components are present in the mixture in specific proportions to provide the mixture with a relatively high, temperature-stable dielectric constant. Preferably, the mixture and resulting composite meets the temperature stability requirements to satisfy X7R capacitor specifications. The polymer matrix composite may be used in a number of applications, such as printed circuit boards which include embedded capacitors.

Polymer matrix composites

Disclosed herein are compositions comprising: a carbon additive prewetted with an acid (e.g., H2SO4); and a lead-containing material. Also disclosed are methods of making such compositions, and pastes and electrodes made therefrom.

Carbon additives for negative electrodes

The invention provides slurries, dispersions, or slips of barium titanate-based particles in a non-aqueous medium and methods of their production. The particles have a coating comprising a metal oxide, metal hydrous oxide, metal hydroxide or organic acid salt of a metal other than barium or titanium. At least 90 percent of the particles have a particle size less than 0.9 micrometer when the coated particles are dispersed by high shear mixing.

Barium titanate dispersions

The present invention is directed to a silicate-based sintering aid and a method for producing the sintering aid. The sintering aid, or frit, may be added to dielectric compositions, including barium titanate-based compositions, to lower the sintering temperature. The sintering aid may be a single or multi-component silicate produced via a precipitation reaction by mixing solutions including silicon species and alkaline earth metal species. The sintering aid can be produced as nanometer-sized particles, or as coatings on the surfaces of pre-formed dielectric particles. Dielectric compositions that include the sintering aid may be used to form dielectric layers in MLCCs and, in particular, ultra-thin dielectric layers.

Silicate-based sintering aid and method

La presente invention concerne un auxiliaire de frittage a base de silicate ainsi qu'un procede de production de l'auxiliaire de frittage. L'auxiliaire de frittage, ou fritte, peut etre ajoute a des compositions dielectriques, notamment des compositions a base de titanate de baryum, afin d'abaisser la temperature de frittage. L'auxiliaire de frittage peut etre un silicate monoconstituant ou multiconstituant produit par une reaction de precipitation par melange de solutions contenant un type de silicium et un type de metal alcalino-terreux. L'auxiliaire de frittage peut etre produit sous la forme de particules de dimensions nanometriques ou sous la forme de revetements sur les surfaces de particules dielectriques preformees. Les compositions dielectriques contenant l'auxiliaire de frittage peuvent etre utilisees pour former des couches dielectriques dans des condensateurs en ceramiques multicouches et, en particulier, des couches dielectriques ultraminces.

David V. Miller

Papers

Polymer matrix composites

Carbon additives for negative electrodes

Barium titanate dispersions

Silicate-based sintering aid and method

Auxiliaire de frittage a base de silicate et procede