https://myresearchspace.uws.ac.uk/ws/files/10035559/Accepted_Author_Manuscript.pdf

Developments of electric cars and fuel cell hydrogen electric cars

A comprehensive review of the key technologies for pure electric vehicles

Fuzzy logic is used to define a new quantity called the battery working state (BWS), which is based on both battery terminal voltage and state of charge (SOC), to overcome the problem of battery over-discharge and associated damage resulting from inaccurate estimates of the SOC. The BWS is used by a fuzzy logic energy-management system of a plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) to make a decision on the power split between the battery and the engine, based on the BWS and vehicle power demand, while controlling the engine to work in its fuel economic region. The fuzzy logic management system was tested in real time using an HEV simulation test bench with a real battery in the loop. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed fuzzy logic energy-management system under different driving conditions and battery SOCs. The results indicate that the fuzzy logic energy-management system using the BWS was effective in ensuring that the engine operates in the vicinity of its maximum fuel efficiency region while preventing the battery from over-discharging.

Energy and Battery Management of a Plug-In Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Fuzzy Logic

Fuel cell (FC) application in vehicular technology has gained much popularity since the past few years. Typically, fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicle (FCHEV) consists of fuel cell, battery and/or ultracapacitor (UC) as the power sources. The power converter is integrated to the power sources to form the hybrid FC system. This helps to compensate the drawback of individual power sources. Apart from the technical efficiency of power sources itself, the performance of an FCHEV is governed by the efficiency of power electronics and associated controller. In this paper, a state-of-the-art of vehicle classification is reviewed, in which the focus is placed on the deployment of fuel cell, battery, ultracapacitor and flywheel. The configurations used in FCHEV, followed by the updated power converter topologies, are also discussed. The topologies are categorized and discussed according to the power stages and control techniques used in the configurations. Then, multiple stages conversion and single stage topologies are described chronologically. The advantages and disadvantages of each topology, safety standards, current situation and environmental impact of FCHEV are also discussed. In addition, the current development of FCHEV, challenges and future prospects are also elaborated. The rapid growth of FC based research and technology has paved great prospects for FCHEVs in the near future, with the prediction of the competitive cost of hydrogen as compared to gasoline.

Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles: A review on power conditioning units and topologies

This paper studies the impact of fuel-cell (FC) performance and control strategies on the benefits of hybridization. One of the main weak points of the FC is slow dynamics dominated by a temperature and fuel-delivery system (pumps, valves, and, in some cases, a hydrogen reformer). As a result, fast load demand will cause a high voltage drop in a short time, which is recognized as a fuel-starvation phenomenon. Therefore, to employ an FC in vehicle applications, the electrical system must have at least an auxiliary power source to improve system performance when electrical loads demand high energy in a short time. The possibilities of using a supercapacitor or a battery bank as an auxiliary source with an FC main source are presented in detail. The studies of two hybrid power systems for vehicle applications, i.e., FC/battery and FC/supercapacitor hybrid power sources, are explained. Experimental results with small-scale devices (a polymer electrolyte membrane FC of 500 W, 40 A, and 13 V; a lead-acid battery module of 33 Ah and 48 V; and a supercapacitor module of 292 F, 500 A, and 30 V) in a laboratory authenticate that energy-storage devices can assist the FC to meet the vehicle power demand and help achieve better performance, as well as to substantiate the excellent control schemes during motor-drive cycles.

Comparative Study of Fuel-Cell Vehicle Hybridization with Battery or Supercapacitor Storage Device

Energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic for a fuel cell hybrid bus

Performance comparison of two fuel cell hybrid buses with different powertrain and energy management strategies

Development and performance analysis of a hybrid fuel cell/battery bus with an axle integrated electric motor drive system

An interleaved step-up/step-down converter for fuel cell vehicle applications

The invention relates to an integrated multi-energy hybrid power platform, belonging to the technical field of novel hybrid vehicle. The system comprises a power system, a whole-vehicle control system, a brake-energy feeding back system, a data collecting and displaying system and a CAN network. A power unit in the power system is connected with a power battery in parallel by a high-voltage cable, connected with a direct-current alternating-current inverter by a high-voltage relay switch and connected with a controller of the power unit by a signal wire; the whole-vehicle control system is connected with a gear signal generator by a signal wire and is connected with the CAN network by a twisted pair shielding wire; and an asynchronous alternating-current motor is connected with a speed changing box by an output shaft. The core unit of the whole-vehicle control system is a Motorola 32-bit single chip MPC5xx. The integrated multi-energy hybrid power platform can achieve the goal of changing configuration of the power unit without changing the power battery, a driving motor and the whole-vehicle controller. Properties of a hybrid passenger vehicle adopting the integrated multi-energy hybrid power platform can reach or even exceed the national standard, thereby being an advanced international standard.

Dawei Gao

Papers

Energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic for a fuel cell hybrid bus

Performance comparison of two fuel cell hybrid buses with different powertrain and energy management strategies

Development and performance analysis of a hybrid fuel cell/battery bus with an axle integrated electric motor drive system

An interleaved step-up/step-down converter for fuel cell vehicle applications

Multi-energy source integration hybrid platform system