Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

United States Agency for International Development

Sustainable Development Goals

https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/preview/728232/Olofsson_good%20practices.pdf

Good practices for estimating area and assessing accuracy of land change

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1056&context=civilengfacpub

Landsat-8: Science and Product Vision for Terrestrial Global Change Research

Extreme climate events such as aridity, drought, flood, cyclone and stormy rainfall are expected to leave an impact on human society. They are also expected to generate widespread response to adapt and mitigate the sufferings associated with these extremes. Societal and cultural responses to prolonged drought include population dislocation, cultural separation, habitation abandonment, and societal collapse. A typical response to local aridity is the human migration to safer and productive areas. However, climate and culture can interact in numerous ways. We hypothesize that people may resort to modify dwelling environments by adapting new strategies to optimize the utility of available water by harvesting rain rather than migrating to newer areas. We review recent palaeoclimatological evidence for climate change during the Holocene, and match those data with archaeological and historical records to test our 'climate change-rainwater harvest' hypothesis. We find correlation between heightened historical human efforts for construction of rainwater harvesting structures across regions in response to abrupt climate fluctuations, like aridity and drought. Historical societal adaptations to climate fluctuations may provide insights on potential responses of modern societies to future climate change that has a bearing on water resources, food production and management of natural systems.

Rainwater harvesting as an adaptation to climate change

A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with deforestation, gains and losses of carbon stocks in forests remaining forests, and forestation

GOFC-GOLD REDD Sourcebook, COP-18 release - A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with deforestation, gains and losses of carbon stocks in forests remaining forests, and forestation

COVID-19 pandemic: A pragmatic plan for ayurveda intervention.

Sustainable phytoremediation based on naturally colonizing and economically valuable plants

LAND-use options that increase livelihood security and reduce vulnerability to climate and environmental change are necessary. Traditional resource management adaptations such as agroforestry systems, may potentially provide options for improvement in livelihoods through simultaneous production of food, fodder and firewood as well as mitigation of the impact of climate change. A livelihood is a means of deriving a just and dignified living by the society, family and individuals. It comprises of the assets available to households (human, financial, physical, natural and social capital), the a ctivities, and the access to these (mediated by institutions and social relations) that together determine the living gained by the society, households or individuals 1,2 . A livelihood can be urban or rural depending upon the context in which families derive their living. A livelihood can be sustainable when it can cope with and recover from stresses and shocks, and maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets both now and in the future, while not undermining the natural capital 3 . Livelihood improvement through natural resource management seeks to understand individual or household strategies through which long-term progress is made towards a better quality of life 4 . Livelihood improvement is not just about the positive change towards better quality of life and human wellbeing, but it takes into account the local and global change which determines the livelihood 5 . The adverse impact of climate change may be more severely felt by the poor, who are more vulnerable than the rich. Appropriate policy responses combining agroecosystems as key assets can strengthen adaptation and help build the resilience of communities and households to local and global change 6

/pdf/multifunctional-agroforestry-systems-in-india-4weald2btw.pdf

Deep Narayan Pandey

Papers

Rainwater harvesting as an adaptation to climate change

GOFC-GOLD REDD Sourcebook, COP-18 release - A sourcebook of methods and procedures for monitoring and reporting anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with deforestation, gains and losses of carbon stocks in forests remaining forests, and forestation

COVID-19 pandemic: A pragmatic plan for ayurveda intervention.

Sustainable phytoremediation based on naturally colonizing and economically valuable plants

Multifunctional agroforestry systems in India