Activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and application for the degradation of emerging contaminants

The science of the total environment

Physical Review B

Sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) employing heterogeneous catalysts to generate sulfate radical (SO4 −) from peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and persulfate (PS) have been extensively employed for organic contaminant removal in water. This article aims to provide a state–of–the–art review on the recent development in heterogeneous catalysts including single metal, mixed metal, and nonmetal carbon catalysts for organic contaminants removal, with particular focus on PMS activation. The hybrid heterogeneous catalyst/PMS systems integrated with other advanced oxidation technologies is also discussed. Several strategies for the identification of principal reactive radicals in SO4 −–oxidation systems are evaluated, namely (i) use of chemical probe or spin trapping agent coupled with analytical tools, and (ii) competitive kinetic approach using selective radical scavengers. The main challenges and mitigation strategies pertinent to the SR-AOPs are identified, which include (i) possible formation of oxyanions and disinfection byproducts, and (ii) dealing with sulfate produced and residual PMS. Potential future applications and research direction of SR-AOPs are proposed. These include (i) novel reactor design for heterogeneous catalytic system based on batch or continuous flow (e.g. completely mixed or plug flow) reactor configuration with catalyst recovery, and (ii) catalytic ceramic membrane incorporating SR-AOPs.

Generation of sulfate radical through heterogeneous catalysis for organic contaminants removal: Current development, challenges and prospects

Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes for water and wastewater treatment - A critical review.

Copper–iron bimetallic oxides have shown great potential for powerful radical production by activating peroxides. In this work, CuFeO2 rhombohedral crystals (RCs) were synthesized and used as heterogeneous catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation under various conditions. Sulfadiazine, a widely used veterinary sulfonamide, was used as a target pollutant to evaluate the efficiency of this combination. The results showed that of all the catalysts tested, the CuFeO2 RCs had the greatest reactivity. Under conditions of 0.1 g L–1 CuFeO2 RCs and 33.0 μM PMS, the nearly complete degradation of sulfadiazine occurred within 24 min. A synergistic catalytic effect was found between solid Cu(I) and Fe(III), probably due to the accelerated reduction of Fe(III). The two activation stages that produced different radicals (hydroxyl radicals followed by sulfate radicals) existed when solid Cu(I) was used as the catalyst. The CuFeO2 RCs had a higher PMS utilization efficiency than CuFe2O4, probably because the Cu(I...

Sulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Sulfadiazine by CuFeO2 Rhombohedral Crystal-Catalyzed Peroxymonosulfate: Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms

Efficient degradation of sulfamethazine with CuCo2O4 spinel nanocatalysts for peroxymonosulfate activation

Sulfate radical (SO4•–) is widely recognized as the predominant species generated from the cobalt(II)-activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) process. However, in this study, it was surprisingly found th...

Unraveling the Overlooked Involvement of High-Valent Cobalt-Oxo Species Generated from the Cobalt(II)-Activated Peroxymonosulfate Process

Mackinawite (FeS) activation of persulfate for the degradation of p-chloroaniline: Surface reaction mechanism and sulfur-mediated cycling of iron species

Novel iron–copper–carbon (FeCuC) aerogel was fabricated through a one-step process from metal-resin precursors and then activated with CO2 and N2 in environmentally friendly way. The activated FeCuC aerogel was applied in a heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process and exhibited higher mineralization efficiency than homogeneous EF technology. High total organic carbon (TOC) removal of organic pollutants with activated FeCuC aerogel was achieved at a wide range of pH values (3–9). The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of real dyeing wastewater was below China’s discharge standard after 30 min of treatment, and the specific energy consumption was low (9.2 kW·h·kg–1COD–1), corresponding to a power consumption of only ∼0.34 kW·h per ton of wastewater. The enhanced mineralization efficiency of FeCuC aerogel was mostly attributable to ultradispersed metallic Fe–Cu nanoparticles embedded in 3D carbon matrix and the CO2–N2 treatment. The CO2 activation enhanced the accessibility of the aerogel’s pores, and the seconda...

Continuous Bulk FeCuC Aerogel with Ultradispersed Metal Nanoparticles: An Efficient 3D Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Cathode over a Wide Range of pH 3-9

Deli Wu

Papers

Sulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Sulfadiazine by CuFeO2 Rhombohedral Crystal-Catalyzed Peroxymonosulfate: Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms

Efficient degradation of sulfamethazine with CuCo2O4 spinel nanocatalysts for peroxymonosulfate activation

Unraveling the Overlooked Involvement of High-Valent Cobalt-Oxo Species Generated from the Cobalt(II)-Activated Peroxymonosulfate Process

Mackinawite (FeS) activation of persulfate for the degradation of p-chloroaniline: Surface reaction mechanism and sulfur-mediated cycling of iron species

Continuous Bulk FeCuC Aerogel with Ultradispersed Metal Nanoparticles: An Efficient 3D Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Cathode over a Wide Range of pH 3-9