Low temperature combustion (LTC) is a recent engine technology that can reduce the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and soot emissions simultaneously while maintaining higher thermal efficiency. The present review work investigates the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of LTC mode engines. Partially premixed LTC (PPLTC), homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI), premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) modes are researched under LTC mode. In recent decades, different engine strategies have been employed to reduce exhaust emissions and to enhance thermal efficiency. Exhaust gas recirculation, variable valve timing (VVT), advanced fuel injection technologies are adapted to achieve LTC mode in internal combustion (IC) engines to get improved outcomes. This review highlights the properties of fuels, fuel supply systems, valve actuation mechanisms, engine operating conditions and its effects on the engine characteristics. This review provides a perspective plan to the researchers for enhancing the performance, emission and combustion behavior of an engine by using LTC mode with lower NOx and soot emissions. Among LTC mode engines, RCCI mode engine operates well in 60% load, 60% premixed ratio, 35:1 air-fuel ratio and 56% brake thermal efficiency within the combustion phasing control.

A review on low temperature combustion engines: Performance, combustion and emission characteristics

There are some challenges about NOX emissions exhausted from diesel engines fueled with biodiesel. Due to increasingly stringent emission regulations, the different methods such as varying the engine operating parameters, treatment with antioxidant additive and blending fuels have been adapted to reduce emissions of biodiesel combustion. One of the effective methods is the combustion of dual or blending fuels. Various fuels such as gasoline, hydrogen, natural gas, biogas, different types of alcohols and also fuel additives have been used to reduce biodiesel disadvantages. This study reviews the potential of the different fuels as an additive in biodiesel fuel in correspond to reduce NOX emissions. The general reduction of NOX has been observed with the presence of gasoline, biogas and alcohols in biodiesel blends. The reduction of NOX in biodiesel-hydrogen, biodiesel-diesel or biodiesel–CNG combustion has not been observed through all engine conditions. Moreover the retarding injection timing, the lower injection pressure, EGR higher than 30% can result in the reduced NOX emissions. However it seems the decrease in NOX emissions can be achieved by the use of most fuels in blending with biodiesel under all engine operating conditions, if only the proper injection parameters and blending proportions of fuels are set.

NOX emissions of compression ignition engines fueled with various biodiesel blends: A review

Deng Liu

Papers

Numerical study on double injection techniques in a gasoline and biodiesel fueled RCCI (reactivity controlled compression ignition) engine

Experimental study of dynamic performance of defective cell within a PEMFC stack