The cosmopolitan red algal genus Pyropia sensu lato is the most speciose of the bladed Bangiales genera. In a major revision of the Bangiales, Pyropia was resurrected from Porphyra, although there was evidence at the time that species of Pyropia could be separated into several genera. Subsequent global phylogenetic analyses continued to resolve species assigned to Pyropia into several major clades with strong support, and the latest biogeographic analyses indicated that species distribution was also a pointer to the underlying phylogeny of Pyropia sensu lato. Therefore, in the present study, we have redefined the genus Pyropia, resurrected Porphyrella, and proposed four new genera: Calidia, Neoporphyra, Neopyropia, and Uedaea. Based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the bladed Bangiales of China, a species which did not match any known taxa was resolved in the new genus Calidia. The species, Calidia pseudolobata sp. nov., is described based on both morphological and molecular data. Molecular sequence data for rbcL, 18S, and COI-5P were amplified for 15 samples in the present study. All the obtained rbcL sequences were identical to each other except for one (LYCN117) with one base pair difference. Two haplotypes of 18S (V9 region) were observed with one base pair difference (C/T30 ). All the obtained COI-5P sequences were identical. Morphological comparisons were conducted not only with species in Calidia, but also with generically uncertain species currently assigned to Porphyra.

Redefining Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): Four New Genera, Resurrection of Porphyrella and Description of Calidia pseudolobata sp. nov. From China

CMMG, JaB, RCS, PEL, IC, EJCC, VM, GW, VLM, FEM, JuB were supported by the United Kingdom Research and Innovation–Global Challenges Research Fund (UKRI‐ GCRF) ‘GlobalSeaweedSTAR' Programme (Grant No BB/P027806/1), which also supported RVD through the research fund GSS/RF/015 RVD would like to thank the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD) under the program, Establishment of Seaweed Research and Development Center (SeaRDeC) to Support the Seaweed Industry in BARMM, Project 2: Molecular characterization, selection and production of high quality eucheumatoid cultivars in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao We also thank the interdisciplinary discussions and comments from the GlobalSeaweedSTAR team, specifically Jee Suyo, Ivy Matoju, Azam Asri, Adibi M Nor and Louise Shaxson

Exploring, harnessing and conserving marine genetic resources towards a sustainable seaweed aquaculture

DNA barcoding is currently an effective and widely used tool that enables rapid and accurate identification of plant species. The Orchidaceae is the second largest family of flowering plants, with more than 700 genera and 20,000 species distributed nearly worldwide. The accurate identification of Orchids not only contributes to the safe utilization of these plants, but also it is essential to the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. In this study, the DNA barcoding of 4 chloroplast genes (matK, rbcL, ndhF and ycf1) were used to provide theoretical basis for species identification, germplasm conservation and innovative utilization of orchids. By comparing the nucleotide replacement saturation of the single or combined sequences among the 4 genes, we found that these sequences reached a saturation state and were suitable for phylogenetic relationship analysis. The phylogenetic analyses based on genetic distance indicated that ndhF and ycf1 sequences were competent to identification at genus and species level of orchids in a single gene. In the combined sequences, matK + ycf1 and ndhF + ycf1 were qualified for identification at the genera and species levels, suggesting the potential roles of ndhF, ycf1, matK + ycf1 and ndhF + ycf1 as candidate barcodes for orchids. Based on the SNP sites, candidate genes were used to obtain the specific barcode of orchid plant species and generated the corresponding DNA QR code ID card that could be immediately recognized by electronic devices. This study provides innovative research methods for efficient species identification of orchids. The standardized and accurate barcode information of Orchids is provided for researchers. It lays the foundation for the conservation, evaluation, innovative utilization and protection of Orchidaceae germplasm resources.

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The specific DNA barcodes based on chloroplast genes for species identification of Orchidaceae plants.

Extensive cryptic diversity in the widely distributed Polysiphonia scopulorum (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta): Molecular species delimitation and morphometric analyses.

Red algal genus Pyropia that includes several commercially important species is distributed in wide regions of the world from cold temperate to tropical marine environments. Despite their practical utility, species of this genus are difficult to identify using solely morphological features because they lack reliable diagnostic characteristics. DNA barcoding using mitochondrial COI-5P marker is now well established for red algae. We explored the species diversity of the genus Pyropia in Korea based on the molecular analyses and morphological observations, and confirmed seven species including two new ones, Py. kuniedae, Py. retorta, Py. seriata, Py. tenera, Py. yezoensis, Pyropia submarina sp. nov., and Pyropia vittata sp. nov. In the DNA barcode analysis, Korean Pyropia species were clearly distinguished from other Pyropia species by 2.6 to 17.1% sequence divergences. We also uncovered cryptic species diversity in areas that are remote or not easily approachable such as Ulleung Island in the middle of east sea far from mainland or underwater habitat deeper than 10 m of Udo, Jeju. This study is verifying the probability of more biodiversity from pristine environments and providing the information that DNA barcoding is an efficient way to identify species of Pyropia, the bladed genus of the order Bangiales in Korea.

DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity of economic red algae, Pyropia (Bangiales, Rhodophyta): description of novel species from Korea

The invention relates to a laver spore hybrid alga filter device, comprising a sliding cylinder, a filter barrel and a piston, wherein an inner sleeve is arranged inside the filter barrel, and the sliding cylinder is arranged in the inner sleeve and connected with the inner sleeve via threads; annular slots opposite to the outer wall of the sliding cylinder are longitudinally distributed in the outer wall of the inner sleeve, and filters are arranged in the annular slots; the piston is longitudinally arranged in the sliding cylinder in a sliding manner, and a high pressure cavity which is annular and can move longitudinally is formed between the piston and the sliding cylinder; a liquid supply pipe is communicated with the high pressure cavity by a connecting pipe; and a stock solution outlet is formed in the side wall of the sliding cylinder, a filtrate outlet is formed in the side wall of the inner sleeve, a discharge hole and a plurality of confluence holes are formed in the bottom of the filter barrel, and the stock solution in the liquid supply pipe enters the high pressure cavity via the connecting pipe, then penetrates through the filers via the stock solution outlet, enters a buffer cavity via the filtrate outlet and finally flows to the discharge hole via the confluence holes. By using the device, the growth of hybrid alga does not need to be controlled, so that the bleeding amount of laver spores is not reduced.

Laver spore hybrid alga filter device and hybrid alga removing method

The invention provides a production method of Bangia atropurpurea germplasm filaments. The method includes the steps of firstly, subjecting wild Bangia atropurpurea to recovery culture in sterile seawater; secondly, cleaning the Bangia atropurpurea after the recovery culture with sterile seawater, drying in the shade, and performing cryopreservation; thirdly, taking out the frozen Bangia atropurpurea, placing into sterile seawater to perform recovery culture, cutting off the bases of the Bangia atropurpurea, cleaning the base-removed Bangia atropurpurea with 2% citric acid, and rinsing with sterile seawater; fourthly, subjecting the Bangia atropurpurea obtained after the third step to standing culture in sterile seawater to obtain the Bangia atropurpurea germplasm filaments. By the method,germplasm preservation of the wild Bangia atropurpurea can be achieved to protect the population diversity of the Bangia atropurpurea, the germplasm of the Bangia atropurpurea with excellent characters can be preserved, and excellent germplasm can be provided for the industrial cultivation of the Bangia atropurpurea.

Deng Yinyin

Papers

Laver spore hybrid alga filter device and hybrid alga removing method

Production method of Bangia atropurpurea germplasm filaments