Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques

Erik Eriksen is a remarkable individual. He has no college degrees yet is Professor of Human Development at Harvard University. He came to psychology via art, which explains why the reader will find him painting contexts and backgrounds rather than stating dull facts and concepts. He has been a training psychoanalyst for many years as well as a perceptive observer of cultural and social settings and their effect on growing up. This is not just a book on childhood. It is a panorama of our society. Anxiety in young children, apathy in American Indians, confusion in veterans of war, and arrogance in young Nazis are scrutinized under the psychoanalytic magnifying glass. The material is well written and devoid of technical jargon. The theme of the volume is that it is human to have a long childhood which will leave a lifelong residue of emotional immaturity in man. Primitive groups and

Childhood and Society.

Qualitative Interviewing: The Art of Hearing Data

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Narrative Methods for the Human Sciences

Feminist Methods in Social Research.

Using data from the 1982-84 National Long-Term Care Channeling Demonstration, this study examines factors associated with long-term care service use by African American, Hispanic, and white frail elders living in the community. Findings indicate that in addition to predisposing, enabling, and need factors, race/ethnicity is a significant predictor of each type of service use.

Long-Term Care Service Use by Frail Elders: Is Ethnicity a Factor?

Increasingly, middle-aged and older adults are parenting grandchildren and other young kin in ‘skipped generation’ families. Changes in the multigenerational family structure, devastating social problems in our inner cities, notably the substance-abuse and HIV/AIDS epidemics of the 1980s, and public policy and ethnocultural norms that govern kin care are discussed as contributing factors to this phenomenon. Recent studies focusing on grandparent caregivers of color, as well as policy and programmatic responses to the rapid growth of this family configuration, are discussed. The author offers recommendations for assessing and building on existing strengths and addressing the service needs of grandparent caregivers and their families through direct practice and public policy.

Grandparents Raising Grandchildren in the Inner City

The purpose of this article is to pinpoint the cultural and ethnic influences on dementia caregiving in Chinese American families through a systemic review and analysis of published research findings. Eighteen publications on Chinese American dementia family caregivers published in peer-reviewed journals between 1990 and early 2011 were identified. Based on a systematic database search and review process, we found that caregivers' beliefs concerning dementia and the concept of family harmony as evidenced through the practice of filial piety are permeating cultural values, which together affect attitudes toward research and help-seeking behaviors (ie, seeking information on diagnosis and using formal services). There is also evidence to suggest that these cultural beliefs impinge on key elements of the caregiving process, including caregivers' appraisal of stress, coping strategies, and informal and formal support. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and practice with the Chinese American population.

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The influence of ethnicity and culture on dementia caregiving: a review of empirical studies on Chinese Americans.

During the past quarter century, the number of children ages 18 and under who live in households headed by grandparents has increased by more than 50 percent, from 2.2 million in 1970 to 3.9 million in 1997 (Lugaila, 1998). Moreover, whereas the number of children living with grandparents with neither parent present increased by only 6 percent during this period, it nearly tripled from a half million in 1990 to 1.5 million in 1997 (Lugaila, 1998). A combination of social and health problems - for example, joblessness, child abuse and neglect, teenage pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and particularly substance abuse - has contributed to this rapid growth of skipped-generation families. At present, just over one in 10 grandparents in the United States assumes parental responsibility for a grandchild for at least a six-month period at some point in his, or more likely her, life (Fuller-Thomson, Minkler, & Driver, 1997). Custodial grandparents are from all racial and ethnic groups, socioeconomic levels, and geographic regions. Nationally, 68 percent are white, 29 percent are African American, 10 percent are Hispanic (of any race), 2 percent are Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1 percent are American Indian (Chalfie, 1994). However, African Americans were nearly twice as likely in 1991 to be grandparent caregivers as their white counterparts (9 percent compared with 5 percent), and more than 12 percent of African American children lived with grandparents, compared with 5.8 percent of Hispanic and 3.6 percent of white children (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1991). Previous studies of custodial grandparents either have focused on African Americans (Burton, 1992; Dressel & Barnhill, 1994; Minkler & Roe, 1993) or whites (Jendrek, 1994) or compared the two groups (Solomon & Marx, 1995). Studies by Joslin and Brouard (1995), Shore and Hayslip (1994), and Fuller-Thomson et al. (1997) included small numbers of Latinos but did not examine this group in analyses. However, Latino national origin groups are heavily concentrated in large cities (Chapa & Valencia, 1993), where the social and economic contexts of family life may result in more similar rates between Latino and African American households of skipped-generation families. A recent study by the New York City Center for Policy on Aging reported comparable proportions of African American (6 percent) and Latino (4.4 percent) elderly people living in grandparent-grandchild-only households, compared with only 0.8 percent of same-aged whites (Cantor & Brennan, 1993). And Joslin and Brouard (1995) found similar rates of grandparent caregiving in predominantly African American Central Harlem (9.7 percent) and primarily Hispanic East Harlem (7.3 percent) in a random sample drawn from low-income pediatric clinics in New York City. This article examines the self-identified needs, patterns of service use, and predictors of unmet needs among a sample of Latino grandparent caregivers in New York City. Referring to a long-standing debate in gerontology about the relative importance of age versus need in policy formulation and service delivery for older adults (Neugarten, 1982), Dressel and Barnhill (1994) argued that the role-related needs of custodial grandparents often supersede age-related needs. Research on foster parents, especially kinship foster parents, provides helpful insights on these role-related needs. However, about two-thirds of relative-caregivers are grandparents, who tend to be older than either parents or foster parents (Chalfie, 1994; Harden, Clark, & Maguire, 1997), and a disproportionate number are poor women of color (Berrick, Barth, & Needell, 1994; Chalfie, 1994; LeProhn, 1994). Some needs and service use patterns thus are expected to be linked to chronological age and developmental life stage and to the effects of current and cumulative economic disadvantage. Literature Review A full discussion of foster and kinship care is beyond the scope of this article; refer to Harden et al. …

Custodial Grandparents in Latino Families: Patterns of Service Use and Predictors of Unmet Needs

Background Prior research with racially/ethnically homogeneous samples has demonstrated widespread co-occurrence of psychotic experiences (PEs) and common mental health conditions, particularly multi-morbidity, suggesting that psychosis may be related to the overall severity of psychiatric disorder rather than any specific subtype In this study we aimed to examine whether PEs are associated with the presence of specific disorders or multi-morbidity of co-occurring disorders across four large racially/ethnically diverse samples of adults in the USA Method Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) and separately from the Asian and Latino subsamples of the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS) Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between PEs and individual subtypes of DSM-IV disorder, and to test for a linear dose-response relationship between the number of subtypes and PEs Results Prevalence of PEs was moderately greater among individuals with each subtype of disorder in each data set [odds ratios (ORs) 18-38], although associations were only variably significant when controlling for clinical and demographic variables However, the sum of disorder subtypes was related to odds for PEs in a linear dose-response fashion across all four samples Conclusions PEs are related primarily to the extent or severity of psychiatric illness, as indicated by the presence of multiple psychiatric disorders, rather than to any particular subtype of disorder in these data This relationship applies to the general population and across diverse racial/ethnic groups

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0033291714000944

Denise Burnette

Papers

Long-Term Care Service Use by Frail Elders: Is Ethnicity a Factor?

Grandparents Raising Grandchildren in the Inner City

The influence of ethnicity and culture on dementia caregiving: a review of empirical studies on Chinese Americans.

Custodial Grandparents in Latino Families: Patterns of Service Use and Predictors of Unmet Needs

Co-occurrence of psychotic experiences and common mental health conditions across four racially and ethnically diverse population samples.