At the forefront of the fight against the pandemic, the community' s measures and services would have a greater impact than ever before on citizen satisfaction. However, the influence of citizen satisfaction on community pandemic prevention and control measures (CPPCM) during the pandemic is poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the allocation of CPPCM and its impact on CS. The Chinese national data was analyzed for the outcome. (1) Pandemic prevention propaganda (PPP), disinfection (DT), and body temperature tests (BTTs) were the primary measures taken by the Chinese community. (2) The CS for pandemic prevention and control is high, and urban and central Chinese communities express greater satisfaction. (3) The impact of disinfection, body temperature tests, free supplies, and assistance purchasing supplies on CS was greater in rural areas than in urban areas. (4) Regional variations exist in the impact of CS on CPPCM. (5) The number of measures has an inverted U-shaped relationship with citizen satisfaction. This study also suggests that the government should disseminate information about pandemic prevention in a timely manner, provide basic health and medical services, and evaluate the measures taken to avoid the discount effect. 

Community pandemic prevention and control measures and their influence on citizen satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic in China

China's rural social assistance security system is a national system that meets the basic survival needs of the rural poor, safeguards their rights to survival, and helps them get out of the survival crisis. It is the last layer of safety net to maintain social stability, promote rural economic development, and guarantee the basic living for peasants. China's rural social assistance security system has gone through decades of the development from emergency relief to guaranteed assistance, and many experts and scholars have conducted in-depth research and discussions on it. On the basis of fully searching for domestic and foreign literature, systematic reading of literature content, careful analysis and screening of experts' views, this paper classifies and summarizes the views and discussion of experts and scholars, trying to reflect the development of China's rural social assistance security system and running status. It can make readers further study China's rural social security system, at the same time, providing a reference for other developing countries in the world to improve the progress of social security.

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Research on the Security System of Social Assistance in Rural China

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Relationships between Health Education, Health Behaviors, and Health Status among Migrants in China: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the China Migrant Dynamic Survey

Introduction Undernutrition and micronutrient malnutrition remain problems of significant magnitude among small-scale subsistence farmers, posing a serious threat to their health and well-being. Developing a healthy diet can effectively reduce this threat. Fortunately, the Internet can speed up the process. Methods Based on survey data from 5,114 farm households in nine provinces in China, this study quantitatively assesses the impact of Internet use on the dietary quality of smallholder farmers using OLS regression models and PSM models. Results/Discussion (1) Internet use can significantly contribute to dietary diversity and dietary rationality among smallholder farmers, thus optimizing their dietary structure. (2) Internet use significantly increased the average consumption amounts of milk and its products (2.9 g), fruits (21.5 g), eggs (7.5 g), and vegetables (27.1 g), while also decreasing the intake of salts (1.5 g) and oil (3.8 g). (3) The pull of internet use to improve diet quality is more significant for smallholder households with lower levels of education, older heads of households, and higher household incomes. (4) A possible mechanism is that Internet use increases household income and information access skills of rural residents, thus improving their dietary quality. In summary, governments should further promote Internet penetration in rural areas for health purposes.

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Does Internet use connect smallholder farmers to a healthy diet? Evidence from rural China

With the prolongation of the life expectancy of the Chinese population and the intensification of the aging process of the population, the mental health problems of the elderly have become increasingly prominent. This study aims to explore whether self-employment can promote and how to promote the mental health of the elderly.Based on the 2018 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) data, this paper uses OLS model and KHB method to verify the impact of self-employment on the mental health of the younger elderly and its mechanism.The results indicate that self-employment can significantly reduce the depression tendency of the younger elderly and promote their mental health. Heterogeneity analysis shows that self-employment has a more significant positive impact on the mental health of the younger elderly who are self-rated healthy, free of chronic diseases and low-level medical service utilization. The mechanism shows that self-employment can indirectly improve the mental health of the younger elderly through income growth effect and self-worth realization effect, in which the self-worth realization effect is greater than the economic effect. It illustrates that with the development of China's economy, the elderly are pursuing more intrinsic values brought by self-employment than economic benefits.In view of the above research results, it is suggested to encourage the elderly to actively participate in social activities, provide policy support for the younger elderly to engage in self-employment, increase government support as well as health guarantee level, and improve the subjective initiative of the elderly to participate in self-employment, so that the society can truly realize the healthy aging of "being useful and productive for the elderly". 

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The impact of self-employment on mental health of the younger elderly in China

Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of individuals infected with the COVID-19 has been increasing worldwide, posed a substantial threat to mental health. Therefore, discovering the means for blocking the transmission path of COVID-19 and improving mental health is of great significance. Based on a survey on the life of urban and rural residents in China (in 2020), the study applied the least squares method to analyse the effect of closed-off management on the psychological anxiety and psychological stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the bootstrap decomposition method was used to test for the mediating effects of satisfaction with and confidence in pandemic prevention. The study found that closed-off management in communities exerted a negative effect on psychological anxiety and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, satisfaction with and confidence in pandemic prevention played a mediating role on the psychological anxiety and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, closed-off management in communities will not only prevent the spread of the COVID-19, but also improve satisfaction with and confidence in pandemic prevention and control. Furthermore, it will alleviate the psychological anxiety and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hpm.3330

Can closed-off management in communities alleviate the psychological anxiety and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic?

Digital literacy has been increasingly important among workers in the labour market, and it also has been viewed as a micro reflection of the growing of China’s digital economy. Internet use is an integral part of workers’ digital literacy, which has a significant influence on entrepreneurial decision-making. This paper aims to explore the direct impact of Internet use on entrepreneurship, analyzing the mechanism and group differences of Internet use. It has a practical meaning to China’s policies of promoting employment. Based on the data of China Labour Dynamics Survey (CLDS), the paper uses Probit model and 2SLS regression analysis to examine the direct impact of Internet use on entrepreneurship, and to analyze its mechanism by adopting the mediation effect model. The study indicates that Internet use has significantly increased the probability of starting a business, the impact has been stronger on the new generation, rural residents and the groups with work experience. Further analysis shows that Internet use not only increases venture capital, social capital and income, but also helps to shape individual workers’ learning ability, which has an indirect effect on promoting entrepreneurship. The above results show the way of promoting workers’ willingness of entrepreneurship, which are expanding Internet access, promoting policies of improving workers’ Internet skills, focusing on cultivating comprehensive cognitive abilities including risk awareness and learning abilities.

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How Internet Use Spurs Entrepreneurial Activities? Evidence from China

Self-employment is one of the most common forms of employment for migrant workers in China. However, migrant workers' lifestyle and behavior, as well as health disparities among them, would be impacted by self-employment. This research aims to explore the mechanism and group differences of the effect of self-employment on health inequality among Chinese migrant workers.To explore the effect of self-employment on health inequalities among migrant workers, this research uses the data from the 2018 China Migrant Workers Dynamic Monitoring Survey, and the RIF-I-OLS decomposition method.We find that self-employment will reduce the health inequality of Chinese migrant workers significantly, especially among migrant workers with low education, low income, and low social integration. A further examination reveals that self-employment can directly promote the self-rated health of migrant workers. Additionally, it indirectly alleviates the health inequality among migrant workers by mediating effect of expanding access to public welfare, such as by establishing health records and strengthening health education.The government should permit and encourage migrant workers to engage in self-employment. It is necessary to provide public services such as health education, health records, and health rights for migrant workers, and focus on the employment of migrant workers in city, especially those with low income and low education. we believe that measures should be taken to enhance migrant workers' sense of belonging in urban China Only on this basis can health inequality among migrant workers be truly reduced. 

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Self-employment and health inequality of migrant workers

Based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) data in 2018, medical assistance and life assistance have significant negative influences on self-rated health, found via an empirical analysis based on the Oprobit model. Such negative influences are robust based on the substitution of explained variables and propensity score matching. It can be found from a heterogeneity analysis that the negative influences of medical assistance on self-rated health are more significant in urban residents and residents in Central China and East China. Meanwhile, negative influences of life assistance on self-rated health are more significant in urban residents, and residents in Central China, East China, and Northeast China. This study provides empirical evidence to improve the health of residents by using medical assistance and life assistance accurately and offers important policy enlightenments to formulate appropriate social assistance policies.

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Effects of social assistance on self-rated health

Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of China’s migrant population (CMDS) in 2017, this study analyzes the impact of public health education on migrant workers’ medical service utilization. The study found that public health education can significantly promote the utilization of migrant workers’ medical services and has a greater effect on the older generation groups, those who received secondary and higher education, and those working in first-tier cities. By distinguishing different types of public health education, it is found that smoking control education has the most obvious effect. Further differentiating disease types, the study found that the promotion effect of receiving occupational disease education is the highest, while the effect of receiving STD/AIDS education is relatively low. The mechanism test indicates that public health education has significantly improved migrant workers’ utilization of medical services by influencing their health literacy, social network, and psychological integration.

/pdf/the-impact-of-public-health-education-on-migrant-workers-jgi0pxc9.pdf

Deshui Zhou

Papers

Can closed-off management in communities alleviate the psychological anxiety and stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic?

How Internet Use Spurs Entrepreneurial Activities? Evidence from China

Self-employment and health inequality of migrant workers

Effects of social assistance on self-rated health

The Impact of Public Health Education on Migrant Workers’ Medical Service Utilization