The contribution of this paper to analyze the effect of wind power plants’ existence as distributed generation (DG) to short circuit currents in electrical power systems. Testing of short circuit simulation has performed on the IEEE 69 bus standard. In short circuit simulation used four different types of wind power plants. The first type of wind power plant is Fixed-speed conventional induction generators (FSCIG), the second type is Variable slip induction generators (VSIG), the third type is Variable speed doubly-fed induction generators with rotor-side converters (DFIG), and the fourth type is Variable speed with full converter interface induction generators (FCIIG). For comparison, 7 scenarios have made for each type of wind power plant. The first scenario has simulation without wind power plants or distributed generation. The second scenario has a wind power plant (DG) placed on the upstream side of the electrical power system near the grid. In the third scenario, DG has placed in the middle of the electric power system to supply a large amount of load. In the fourth scenario, DG has placed on the downstream side of the electric power system to supply small loads. Whereas in 5th, 6th, and 7thscenarios have combinations of 4 types of wind power plants have placed on the upstream side, middle, and downstream side of the electrical power system. The results of all these simulations have compared, starting from the smallest to the largest short circuit fault current.

Analysis of Short Circuit on Four Types Wind Power Plants as Distributed Generation

This paper deals with a fault detection investigation of SCBs, and it is focused on the faulty phase detection and the number of faulty capacitor units Unlike previous methods, the proposed method provides a relay decision making criterion which determine the faulty capacitors, and the number of capacitor failures in case of multiple faulty phase conditions The proposed algorithm is applied on different wye configurations of SCBs considering different protection designs (ie, fuseless, internally and externally fused units) Since the detection of capacitor failures in SCBs are based on the fundamental phasor component, there may occur a significant delay in decision making in the case of an external short circuit fault in the power system The aforementioned condition, which will be mathematically proven, happens due to a capacitor discharge after fault clearance To deal with this condition, a method is proposed by applying an algorithm, in which the fundamental component of the voltage signal is extracted in one cycle Performance evaluations associated with the proposed method are provided for different fault conditions, fault locations, and different levels of harmonics and, they are further discussed through the implementation of the proposed method in MATLAB environment

https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1049/iet-gtd.2020.0347

Multi-criteria protection scheme for online element failure detection in shunt capacitor banks

In electric power systems generally not only consists of one type of power plant, but consists of various types of power plants such as power plants with fossil fuel sources and renewable energy sources. To utilize wind power plants and solar panels, storage media such as batteries are needed. The charging and discharging process requires a power electronic device. As is known that power electronic devices consist of materials or nonlinear loads made of semiconductor materials that can cause harmonics in the electric power system. This research was conducted in the laboratories of the G4 Building, Department of Electrical Engineering. The G4 building is also interconnected with grids, wind power plants, solar panels and backup generators. The combination of all nonlinear loads creates high harmonics. To mitigate harmonics and reduce Total Harmonic Distortion-Voltage (THD-V) value a harmonic filter is needed. Passive harmonic filters have a disadvantage, namely that one passive harmonic filter can only mitigate one dominant order of harmonics and the value is predetermined. This article will discuss optimalization of passive shunt filters using detuned reactors and capacitors bank or can be called Shunt Hybrid Power Filters (SHPF). The purpose of optimalization is to improve the performance of shunt passive filters to be more effective and efficient in mitigating harmonics with THD-V values that are fluctuate and dominant harmonic orders that change as well as in harmonic active filters. In the research method, 3 scenarios will be made as comparison in the final results. From the test results in scenario 1, optimalization shunt passive filter using detuned reactor and capacitors bank (SHPF) was able to reduce THD-V from 16,65% to 2,61% with 5th order dominant. In scenario 2, the SHPF is able to reduce the THD-V from 19,74% to 3,04% with the 7th order dominant. In scenario 3, SHPF was able to reduce the THD-V from 28,04% to 3,36% with an 11th order dominant. From all the simulation results, it can be concluded that optimalization shunt passive filter using detuned reactors and capacitors bank is still able to mitigate harmonics with high THD-V values and dominant orders that change even though the parameters of SHPF are the same as the previous scenarios. Improved shunt passive filter harmonic performance after being optimized with detuned reactors and capacitors bank can approach the performance of harmonic active filters.

Optimalization harmonic shunt passive filter using detuned reactor and capacitor bank to improvement power quality in hybrid power plant

The ongoing development of renewable energy and microgrid technologies has gradually transformed the conventional energy infrastructure and upgraded it into a modernized system with more distributed generation and localized energy storage options. Compared with power grids utilizing synchronous generation, inverter-based networks cannot physically provide large amounts of inertia, which means that more advanced and extensive studies regarding stability considerations are required for such systems. Therefore, appropriate analytical methods are needed for the voltage stability analysis of renewable-dominated power systems, which incorporate a large number of inverters and distributed energy sources. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of voltage stability analyses of power systems with high levels of renewable energy penetration. A series of generalized evaluation schemes and improvement methods relating to the voltage stability of power systems integrated with various distributed energy resources are discussed. The existing voltage stability analysis methods and corresponding simulation verification models for microgrids are also reviewed in a systematic manner. The traditional and improved voltage stability analysis methods are reviewed according to the microgrid operation mode, the types of distributed generators, and the microgrid configurations. Moreover, the voltage stability indices, which play a crucial role in voltage stability assessments, are critically evaluated in terms of the applicable conditions. The associated modeling and simulation techniques are also presented and discussed. This contribution presents guidelines for voltage stability analysis and instability mitigation methods for modern renewable-rich power systems.

https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4826/3/1/6/pdf?version=1645272873

Analytical Methods of Voltage Stability in Renewable Dominated Power Systems: A Review

Battery Charging Station (BCS) is needed by Electrical Vehicle (EV) to refill electrical energy. BCS obtains electricity supply from the electric power system. However, the existence of BCS can cause the bus voltage to become unstable. This paper discusses how to maintain the stability of the bus voltage by interconnecting the wind power plant (WPP). The method is use four types of WPP. WPP first type is Fixed-speed conventional induction generators (FSCIG). WPP second type is Variable slip induction generators (VSIG). WPP third type is Variable doubly fed induction generators with rotor-side converters (DFIG). WPP fourth type is Variable speed with full induction generators (FCIIG) interface converter. In addition to using the four types of WPP, it also uses a combination of WPP first type with third type, second type with fourth type, and a combination of all types of WPP. Voltage analysis uses the P-V curve to show the sensitivity of active power changes to bus voltage change. Q-V curve to show the sensitivity of reactive power changes to bus voltage change. This paper focuses on stable margin areas on the P-V and Q-V curves. Based on the results of all the interconnection conditions of the types of WPP and BCS, the reference is at the widest margin of the stable voltage area. FCIIG and BCS interconnections on bus number 14 are capable of producing the widest stable margin area. The highest active power operating range is from 1.15 MW to 1.95 MW. As for the operating range of reactive power from 0.671 MVAR to 1.22 MVAR. Operation of the two power ranges keeps the voltage in a stable area.

P-V and Q-V Curve Analysis of Four Types Wind Power Plants at Battery Charging Station

Renewable energy is now a trending topic in research as a source of energy that free of pollution and alternative energy sources to substitute fossil energy sources. Research on renewable energy has always been developed to support energy security. Wind is one of the renewable energy sources that can be utilized to generate electrical energy. In this research will converting residual wind from air conditioning to electrical energy again. The advantage of using the exhaust from the air conditioning blower is that it has a relatively stable wind speed every time, although not as big as wind speeds available in nature. From the measurement with anemometer obtained the greatest wind speed is 6 m/s when its distance of 4 cm from the blower, and power of air conditioner 2,5 horsepower (HP) at temperature 16°C. Turbine can convert wind energy into electrical energy. The wind turbine is placed in front of the air conditioner blower, then the turbine is combined with the generator. Wind output from the blower is spread in all way, so made turbine type L Savonius. Generators used are a direct current generator (DC) and alternating current generator (AC). At the time testing, used Air Conditioner with power 0,5 HP, 1 HP, and 2,5 HP. In the test with air conditioner 0,5 HP obtained output voltage from the ac generator is 19,5 V and current is 0,65 A. Test using dc generator get output voltage is 35 V and the current is 0,37 A. In the test with air conditioner 1 HP obtained output voltage from the ac generator is 24 V and current is 0,52 A. Test using dc generator get output voltage is 37 V and current is 0,34 A. In the test with air conditioner 2,5 HP obtained output voltage from the ac generator is 24 V and current is 0,53 A. Test using dc generator get output voltage is 38 V and current is 0,34 A. Value of the output voltage of the generator is influenced by the amount of AC power consumption. Amount of voltage generated by the generator may can be used to turn on the surface-mount device light-emitting diode (SMD LED).

Wind power plant from air conditioning exhaust using L Savonius wind turbine

The functioning of an Electric Vehicle ( EV) depends on the charging station for batteries (BCS) If the electrical energy of the EV runs out, then the electrical energy must go to the BCS to recover In general, BCS is interconnected with systems of electric power The presence of the BCS, however, will cause the bus voltage to become unstable The point of this study is to examine voltage stability following BCS interconnection with electrical power systems and renewable energy The IEEE 14 bus standard is the electric power system used In order to boost voltage instability and the function of distributed generation ( DG), renewable energy is a solution Photovoltaic and wind power plants are the newest forms of energy used Study of stability using the curves P-V and Q-V The method of testing is carried out by continuing to increase BCS power It will cause the voltage drop to hit the critical point, the greater the active and reactive power on the BCS bus In addition, four scenarios are made for comparison Based on voltage stability, all voltage stability results are compared and selected It can be concluded that scenario 3 is better than other scenarios, based on all the outcomes of the scenario Scenario 4 has almost the same performance as scenario 3 Wind power plants with a capacity of 2 MVA are the power plants that make Scenario 3 better Compared to photovoltaics, the resulting stable region has a broader spectrum

Analysis Voltage Stability in the Interconnection of Battery Charging Station and Renewable Energy

The Government of Indonesia has committed to support the development of solar power plant, while the efficiency of solar panels still around 5-16%. There are several methods to increase the output power of solar panel, but mostly consume a big portion of energy from solar power plant. The objective is to identify an off-grid solar power plant optimization method with smaller power consumption.  The proposed optimization method is to add a reflector that can be positioned to direct sunlight so that it always hits the solar panel, so that the solar panel is able to produce electrical power optimally. This method can save the use of electrical power, because the weight of the reflector is much lighter than solar panels. The position of the reflector can be adjusted automatically based on feedback from the monitoring system. Off Grid solar system consisting of solar panels, batteries, solar charge controller (SCC), inverters, safety against overloads, short circuits and lightning strikes and mounted reflectors that can be adjusted in position, so that a lot of sunlight hits the solar panels so that the solar panel output power increase. In choosing the type of reflector, several things need to be considered, namely weight, refractive index, size, shading effect and the reflector's resistance to wind, impact and shock. Data retrieval is carried out automatically with a monitoring system to measure and store data when testing solar power system without reflectors and with reflectors in various positions. Data retrieval is based on IEC Standard 61724, while data processing is based on IEA-PVPS T2-01, 2000. Installing reflectors on solar panels is proven to increase the output power of solar panels, where aluminum reflectors and flat mirrors produce the greatest output power at an angle of 83°. Flat mirror reflectors produce a greater increase in solar panel output power compared to flat aluminum reflectors

Pemanfaatan reflektor untuk peningkatan daya luaran panel surya

Thereare many reasons why an AC power system should be integrated with a DC power system. Some of the reasons are that the majority of renewable energies such as photovoltaic and wind power plants provide output power in the form of DC systems. To meet the needs of the electrical load on the AC power system, which continues to increase every year, additional renewable energy is needed so that it can form a hybrid AC/DC power system. Electrical power requirements cannot be satisfied if just an AC power system or a DC power system is used. As a result, hybrid AC/DC power systems are a hot issue right now. Furthermore, such a hybrid system may have a detrimental influence on the electric power system's drop in power quality. Problems with power quality, such as harmonic distortion. Nonlinear loads, such as power electronic equipment required to integrate the DC power system into the AC power system, create harmonic distortion. As a result, a harmonic filter is required to mitigate the effects of harmonic distortion. The ability of the harmonic filter can be increased using a detuned reactor so that the harmonic distortion can be very small in value. In the method section, several conditions are made so that the comparison of harmonic filter capabilities can be seen. In condition 1, an experiment was conducted to measure harmonic distortion on a hybrid AC/DC power system. In condition 2, harmonic distortion is reduced using a harmonic filter. In condition 3, harmonic distortion is reduced by using a combination of detuned reactor and harmonic filter. Based on the experimental results from all conditions, it was found that condition 3 was able to give the best results compared to all other conditions and was able to make the harmonic distortion value very small.

Dezetty Monika

Papers

Wind power plant from air conditioning exhaust using L Savonius wind turbine

Optimalization harmonic shunt passive filter using detuned reactor and capacitor bank to improvement power quality in hybrid power plant

Analysis Voltage Stability in the Interconnection of Battery Charging Station and Renewable Energy

Pemanfaatan reflektor untuk peningkatan daya luaran panel surya

Ability of Detuned Reactors and Harmonic Filters to Improve Power Quality in Hybrid AC/DC Power Systems