Pedagosko i psiholosko testiranje i procjenjivanje spadaju među najvažnije doprinose znanosti o ponasanju nasem drustvu i pružaju temeljna i znacajna poboljsanja u odnosu na ranije postupke. Iako se ne može ustvrditi da su svi testovi dovoljno usavrseni niti da su sva testiranja razborita i korisna, postoji velika kolicina informacija koje ukazuju na ucinkovitost kvalitetnih instrumenata u onim situacijama u kojima je njihovo koristenje potkrijepljeno validacijskim podacima. Pravilna upotreba testova može dovesti do boljih odluka o pojedincima i programima nego sto bi to bio slucaj bez njihovog koristenja, a također i ukazati na put za siri i pravedniji pristup obrazovanju i zaposljavanju. Međutim, losa upotreba testova može dovesti do zamjetne stete nanesene ispitanicima i drugim sudionicima u procesu donosenja odluka na temelju testovnih podataka. Cilj Standarda je promoviranje kvalitetne i eticne upotrebe testova te uspostavljanje osnovice za ocjenu kvalitete postupaka testiranja. Svrha objavljivanja Standarda je uspostavljanje kriterija za evaluaciju testova, provedbe testiranja i posljedica upotrebe testova. Iako bi evaluacija prikladnosti testa ili njegove primjene trebala ovisiti prvenstveno o strucnim misljenjima, Standardi pružaju okvir koji osigurava obuhvacanje svih relevantnih pitanja. Bilo bi poželjno da svi autori, sponzori, nakladnici i korisnici profesionalnih testova usvoje Standarde te da poticu druge da ih također prihvate.

Standards for educational and psychological testing

The perfect complement to Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice, Ninth Edition, this knowledge builder helps you develop and reinforce basic skills essential to nursing research.

Resource Manual for Nursing Research: Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice

This 1966 paperback edition of a publication which first appeared in 1963 has by now been widely reviewed as a worthy contribution to the sociological study of deviant behavior. Its current appearance as a paperback is a testimonial both to the quality of the work and to the prominence of deviant behavior in this generation. In general the author places deviance in perspective, identifies types of deviant behavior, considers the role of rule makers and enforcers, and some of the problems in studying deviance. In addition, he develops a sequential model of deviance relying on the concept of career, a concept originally developed in studies of occupations. In his study of a particular kind of deviance, the use of marihuana, the author posits and tests systematically an hypothesis about the genesis of marihuana use for pleasure. The hypothesis traces the sequence of changes in individual attitude

Outsiders Studies in the Sociology of Deviance.

Recommendation 1: Clinicians should conduct a focused history and physical examination to help place patients with low back pain into 1 of 3 broad categories: nonspecific low back pain, back pain potentially associated with radiculopathy or spinal stenosis, or back pain potentially associated with another specific spinal cause. The history should include assessment of psychosocial risk factors, which predict risk for chronic disabling back pain (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence). Recommendation 2: Clinicians should not routinely obtain imaging or other diagnostic tests in patients with nonspecific low back pain (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence). Recommendation 3: Clinicians should perform diagnostic imaging and testing for patients with low back pain when severe or progressive neurologic deficits are present or when serious underlying conditions are suspected on the basis of history and physical examination (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence). Recommendation 4: Clinicians should evaluate patients with persistent low back pain and signs or symptoms of radiculopathy or spinal stenosis with magnetic resonance imaging (preferred) or computed tomography only if they are potential candidates for surgery or epidural steroid injection (for suspected radiculopathy) (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence). Recommendation 5: Clinicians should provide patients with evidence-based information on low back pain with regard to their expected course, advise patients to remain active, and provide information about effective self-care options (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence). Recommendation 6: For patients with low back pain, clinicians should consider the use of medications with proven benefits in conjunction with back care information and self-care. Clinicians should assess severity of baseline pain and functional deficits, potential benefits, risks, and relative lack of long-term efficacy and safety data before initiating therapy (strong recommendation, moderate-quality evidence). For most patients, first-line medication options are acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Recommendation 7: For patients who do not improve with selfcare options, clinicians should consider the addition of nonpharmacologic therapy with proven benefits—for acute low back pain, spinal manipulation; for chronic or subacute low back pain, intensive interdisciplinary rehabilitation, exercise therapy, acupuncture, massage therapy, spinal manipulation, yoga, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or progressive relaxation (weak recommendation, moderate-quality evidence).

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Joint Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Pain Society

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Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain.

This study assessed the usefulness of the Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization (LAC) Test in identifying students “at risk” for reading failure using a sample of 433 elementary school students from kindergarten, Grades 1 and 2. The test was found to be reliable, but use of the recommended minimum score resulted in the majority of children in each grade and age group failing to reach criterion. For both Grades 1 and 2, the LAC was the best predictor of reading performance as measured by word identification and word attack tests. Post hoc analyses revealed a consistent relationship between poor reading performance and poor performance on the LAC. However, over a quarter of the readers scoring above the 93rd percentile on the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests also failed the LAC criterion, suggesting that LAC scores require individual interpretation in the context of students' performances on a range of diagnostic tools. Further reference data and revision of scoring criteria are required before the LAC can be ...

The Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test and Early Reading Achievement

The physical and mental health needs of adolescent offenders in Australia

There has been no published study on how voice disorders affect lexical tones in Vietnamese. In this study, we investigated a number of tonal parameters in the Northern Vietnamese dialect in 42 female teachers with muscle tension dysphonia and compared them with 30 control speakers. Speech samples included tone syllables in isolation and in a reading passage. Computerized Speech Lab 4300B was used to measure fundamental frequency. Mean tonal fundamental frequency was evaluated for group and age effects. Parameters representing pitch movement (time, size, and speed of a movement) for tone 2 and tone 5 were compared between the two groups. The results showed that there was a significant effect of muscle tension dysphonia on Vietnamese tones: mean fundamental frequency was decreased in the high tones. Rise size and rise speed of fundamental frequency change were reduced in tone 5 phonated by the muscle tension dysphonia participants. There was a significant effect of age, with decreased tonal fundame...

Impact of Muscle Tension Dysphonia on Tone Height and Fundamental Frequency Movements in Vietnamese Tones

Young people who sexually offend

In this paper, three forms of paedophilia, ie incest and other forms of intergenerational sex, characterised by under-reaction and underreporting, and ritual child abuse, characterised by over-reaction and over-reporting, are juxtaposed to demonstrate the differing reactions and responses of professionals, governments, the media and the public to different forms of adult/child sex. Prevailing opinions, policies and practices related to adult/child sex will be explored. The implications of current sexual controversies on the identification, detection, and reporting and of adult/child sex will be discussed.

Dianna T. Kenny

Papers

The Lindamood Auditory Conceptualization Test and Early Reading Achievement

The physical and mental health needs of adolescent offenders in Australia

Impact of Muscle Tension Dysphonia on Tone Height and Fundamental Frequency Movements in Vietnamese Tones

Young people who sexually offend

Opinion, policy and practice in child sexual abuse: implications for detection and reporting