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Control Of Fuel Cell Power Systems Principles Modeling Analysis And Feedback Design

A Paradigm Shift in Urban Mobility: Policy Insights from Travel Before and After COVID-19 to Seize the Opportunity

Advances in Chemical Engineering Vol. 5. Edited by Thomas B. Drew, John W. Hoopes jun., Theodore Vermeulen and Giles R. Cokelet. Pp. x + 317. (New York: Academic Press, Inc.; London: Academic Press, Inc. (London), Ltd., 1964.) 100s.

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Advances in Chemical Engineering

Transition metal oxides have applications into energy storage devices such as electrochemical supercapacitors. We deposited nickel oxide (NiO) thin films using electrodeposition under direct and pulse potentiometry. The effects of the pulse electrodeposition conditions are systematically investigated. The results show that the pulse time influences clearly the morphology of thin films deposited. The nanostructure thin film that has been deposited under 1-s on-time condition was proven to be a suitable electrode material since its 1000 Fg−1 at 0.5 Ag−1 specific capacitance is large enough to fulfill the needed requirement. In addition, the thin film at hand has shown 90.1% capacity retention during 800 galvanostatic charge–discharge cycles under 5 Ag−1 current density. Moreover, nanostructured NiO films prepared with pulse electrodeposition method demonstrate high power performance, excellent rate as well as long-term cycling stability, which make them promising electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

/pdf/capacitance-performance-of-nio-thin-films-synthesized-by-2j8wca225u.pdf

Capacitance performance of NiO thin films synthesized by direct and pulse potentiostatic methods

The drawback of corrosion resistance and surface conductivity is the main deficiency to restrict the widespread application of Ti bipolar plate in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). A NbC modified layer has been prepared on the surface of Ti plate by plasma surface modification technology to improve the performance of bipolar plate. The NbC modified layer possesses dense, continuous microstructure and exhibits well interface bonding with substrate. The electrochemical characteristic of NbC-Ti bipolar plate is investigated in simulated PEMFC environment (0.5 M H2SO4 + 3 ppm HF solution at 75 °C). The NbC modified bipolar plate exhibits more positive corrosion potential and lower current density at anode and cathode potential. The interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of NbC-Ti bipolar plate shows a low value of 16.6 mΩ cm2 at compaction force of 140 N cm−2, lower than that of bare Ti plate (91.9 mΩ cm2). In addition, the ICR of NbC modified bipolar plate only exhibits slight increase after potentiostatic test of 4 h in both anode and cathode environment. Thus, the NbC modified Ti bipolar plate can act as candidate supplies for PEMFC.

Electrochemical behavior and surface conductivity of NbC modified Ti bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

A single polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been directly hybridized to a stack of three supercapacitors: the system formed has been investigated in operation in the Fuel Cell Dynamic Load Cycle, which emulates the energy demand in transported applications. Comparison with regular, non-hybridized fuel cell operation was analyzed in terms of hydrogen consumption in the case that the gas flow rates are directly controlled by cell current during the cycles with constant gas stoichiometric factors: the smoothening effect of the supercapacitors in the overall circuit leads to more even profiles of the cell current and voltage in the cycle, which allows safer and better hydrogen consumption management in this regime: the average H2 consumption per cycle could be reduced by 16% without change of the overall energy produced. Besides, the runs were conducted over more than 1300 hours with evaluation of the fuel cell performance and capacity at regular intervals, with or without hybridization. A moderate positive effect of hybridization was observed in the time variations of the voltage-current curves and the fuel crossover. However, the resistances for ohmic, charge transfer and diffusion phenomena, were not so much improved by the hybridization, in spite of less sharp voltage.

/pdf/direct-coupling-of-pem-fuel-cell-to-supercapacitors-for-4gnqadjus0.pdf

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02148565/document

Direct hybridization of PEMFC and supercapacitors: Effect of excess hydrogen on a single cell fuel cell durability and its feasibility on fuel cell stack

Hybridization of a fuel cell (FC) with energy storage systems such as supercapacitors (SC) or batteries can make the fuel cell withstand the sudden fluctuations of the current. Moreover, direct hybridization of a FC with SCs (i.e. without power converters) has further proved out to be a better solution than the indirect mode (i.e. with power converters), in addition without inducing further ageing of the cell in non-steady operations. The present investigation was aimed at comparing the performance of the system in terms of yield and the component contributions of the fuel cell and the supercapacitor in power conversion on increasing the capacity of energy storage. A single 100 cm 2 cell was directly hybridized to one or three 3000 F SCs in standard fuel cell dynamic load cycling operation, simulating the energy demand in urban transport with current varying in the range 0-100 A. Upon comparing the hydrogen supply for the two configurations (1 or 3 SC), increasing the SC number decreased the hydrogen amount required in a cycle by approximately 5 %. This also enhanced the yield of the fuel cell and the hybrid source by 10 % and 16 % respectively. Moreover, increasing the SCs capacity reduces the power supplied by the FC in periods with high energy demand in cycling tests.

https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01817163/document

Effect of supercapacitors directly hybridized with PEMFC on the component contribution and the performance of the system

Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) is an efficient rapid transit system which provides the last mile connectivity to the users with a high level of reliability and comfort. This paper is focused on the estimation of travel demand for a PRT system in an area using stated preference technique and binary logit models. Dwarka is a township in south-western region of New Delhi, India, and it has been selected as the case study area for this study. Primary data has been collected during household and establishment surveys in the area. The surveys were conducted using stated preference technique and coupled with willingness to pay survey. Further, binary logit models have been developed to estimate a 36 percent (222,456 trips per day) shift to PRT from the existing modes in the area. Travel demand estimation is one of the critical aspects of planning a PRT system in an area. Using stated preference technique and binary logit models, the travel demand can be estimated very precisely for any area-wide or a larger city-wide PRT system.

/pdf/demand-estimation-of-personal-rapid-transit-prt-using-stated-20tw9ssfrm.pdf

Divyesh Arora

Papers

Direct Coupling of PEM Fuel Cell to Supercapacitors for Higher Durability and Better Energy Management

Direct hybridization of PEMFC and supercapacitors: Effect of excess hydrogen on a single cell fuel cell durability and its feasibility on fuel cell stack

Effect of supercapacitors directly hybridized with PEMFC on the component contribution and the performance of the system

Demand estimation of Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) using stated preference technique and binary logit models

Green Coal: A New Energy Source from Leaves☆