N G van Kampen 1981 Amsterdam: North-Holland xiv + 419 pp price Dfl 180 This is a book which, at a lower price, could be expected to become an essential part of the library of every physical scientist concerned with problems involving fluctuations and stochastic processes, as well as those who just enjoy a beautifully written book. It provides an extensive graduate-level introduction which is clear, cautious, interesting and readable.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/34/4/040/pdf

Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry

We explore in this chapter questions of existence and uniqueness for solutions to stochastic differential equations and offer a study of their properties. This endeavor is really a study of diffusion processes. Loosely speaking, the term diffusion is attributed to a Markov process which has continuous sample paths and can be characterized in terms of its infinitesimal generator.

Stochastic Differential Equations

This chapter introduces the finite element method (FEM) as a tool for solution of classical electromagnetic problems. Although we discuss the main points in the application of the finite element method to electromagnetic design, including formulation and implementation, those who seek deeper understanding of the finite element method should consult some of the works listed in the bibliography section.

Introduction to the Finite Element Method

Computational Analysis of Microarray Data

Most of our knowledge of biodiversity and its causes in the deep-sea benthos derives from regional-scale sampling studies of the macrofauna. Improved sampling methods and the expansion of investigations into a wide variety of habitats have revolutionized our understanding of the deep sea. Local species diversity shows clear geographic variation on spatial scales of 100-1000 km. Recent sampling programs have revealed unexpected complexity in community structure at the landscape level that is associated with large-scale oceanographic processes and their environmental consequences. We review the relationships between variation in local species diversity and the regional-scale phenomena of boundary constraints, gradients of productivity, sediment heterogeneity, oxygen availability, hydrodynamic regimes, and catastrophic physical disturbance. We present a conceptual model of how these interdependent environmental factors shape regional-scale variation in local diversity. Local communities in the deep sea may be composed of species that exist as metapopulations whose regional distribution depends on a balance among global-scale, landscape-scale, and small-scale dynamics. Environmental gradients may form geographic patterns of diversity by influencing local processes such as predation, resource partitioning, competitive exclusion, and facilitation that determine species coexistence. The measurement of deep-sea species diversity remains a vital issue in comparing geographic patterns and evaluating their potential causes. Recent assessments of diversity using species accumulation curves with randomly pooled samples confirm the often-disputed claim that the deep sea supports higher diversity than the continental shelf. However, more intensive quantitative sampling is required to fully characterize the diversity of deep-sea sediments, the most extensive habitat on Earth. Once considered to be constant, spatially uniform, and isolated, deep-sea sediments are now recognized as a dynamic, richly textured environment that is inextricably linked to the global biosphere. Regional studies of the last two decades provide the empirical background necessary to formulate and test specific hypotheses of causality by controlled sampling designs and experimental approaches.

Environmental influences on regional deep-sea species diversity

This paper provides an overview of auction theory literature. We present a general review on literature of various auctions and focus ourselves specifically on an English auction. We are interested in modelling bidder’s behavior in an English auction environment. And hence, we present an overview of the New Zealand wool auction followed by a model that would describe a bidder’s decision making behavior from the New Zealand wool auction. The
mathematical assumptions in an English auction environment are demonstrated from the perspective of the New Zealand wool auction.

/pdf/auction-theory-bidder-s-perspective-in-a-public-out-cry-2ns2578bhy.pdf

Auction Theory: Bidder's Perspective in a Public Out-Cry English Auction

This paper describes the optimization of a complex dairy farm simulation model using two quite different methods of optimization, the Genetic algorithm (GA) and the Lipschitz Branch-and-Bound (LBB) algorithm. These techniques have been used to improve an agricultural system model developed by Dexcel Limited, New Zealand, which describes a detailed representation of pastoral dairying scenarios and contains an 8-dimensional parameter space. The model incorporates the sub-models of pasture growth and animal metabolism, which are themselves complex in many cases. Each evaluation of the objective function, a composite 'Farm Performance Index (FPI)', requires simulation of at least a one-year period of farm operation with a daily time-step, and is therefore computationally expensive. The problem of visualization of the objective function (response surface) in high-dimensional spaces is also considered in the context of the farm optimization problem. Adaptations of the sammon mapping and parallel coordinates visualization are described which help visualize some important properties of the model's output topography. From this study, it is found that GA requires fewer function evaluations in optimization than the LBB algorithm.

/pdf/optimization-approaches-for-a-complex-dairy-farm-simulation-kg9xnkmf8g.pdf

Optimization Approaches for a Complex Dairy Farm Simulation Model

Dietary phenolic compounds must be released from the food matrix in the gastrointestinal tract to play a bioactive role, the release of which is interfered with by food structure. The release of phenolics (unbound and bound) of cold and hot extruded noodles enriched with phenolics (2.0%) during simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was investigated. Bound phenolic content and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized to characterize the intensity and manner of starch-phenolic complexation during the preparation of extruded noodles. Hot extrusion induced the formation of more complexes, especially the V-type inclusion complexes, with a higher proportion of bound phenolics than cold extrusion, contributing to a more controlled release of phenolics along with slower starch digestion. For instance, during simulated small intestinal digestion, less unbound phenolics (59.4%) were released from hot extruded phenolic-enhanced noodles than from the corresponding cold extruded noodles (68.2%). This is similar to the release behavior of bound phenolics, that cold extruded noodles released more bound phenolics (56.5%) than hot extruded noodles (41.9%). For noodles extruded with rutin, the release of unbound rutin from hot extruded noodles and cold extruded noodles was 63.6% and 79.0%, respectively, in the small intestine phase, and bound rutin was released at a much lower amount from the hot extruded noodles (55.8%) than from the cold extruded noodles (89.7%). Hot extrusion may allow more potential bioaccessible phenolics (such as rutin), further improving the development of starchy foods enriched with controlled phenolics.

/pdf/phenolic-release-during-in-vitro-digestion-of-cold-and-hot-2w0w0207.pdf

Phenolic Release during In Vitro Digestion of Cold and Hot Extruded Noodles Supplemented with Starch and Phenolic Extracts

This paper provides an overview of auction theory literature. We present a general review on literature of various auctions and focus ourselves specifically on an English auction. We are interested in modelling bidder's behavior in an English auction environment. And hence, we present an overview of the New Zealand wool auction followed by a model that would describe a bidder's decision making behavior from the New Zealand wool auction. The mathematical assumptions in an English auction environment are demonstrated from the perspective of the New Zealand wool auction. HIS paper aims to present an overview of auction theory literature. We begin with a brief history of the auction followed by the types of auctions practiced nowadays. In the second section, we present the review of literature on auction theory highlighting the English auction environment. The third section deals with a brief introduction of the New Zealand wool auction and its relation to the New Zealand Wool Industry (NZWI). In the fourth section, the mathematical assumptions in an English auction environment are demonstrated taking into account the New Zealand wool auction. Further, an illustration of a bidder's decision making behavior in the New Zealand wool auction is presented in a model. Finally, we summarize the paper and propose future work. Literally, the word auction is derived from 'augere' meaning "to increase". When we go to the history of auction we can see the practice was started in Babylon from 500 BC (1). In the modern world, auctions are used primarily for transactions of goods and services. Auctions help in a way to form the price and make a contribution of empirical significance on the exchange of ownership of goods. The study of auction is interesting to the traders because the value of the item is uncertain in an auction. Further, the parties involved (buyer and seller) do not know the exact information of the item. However, among the two parties one is much more familiar with the relevant information of the item than the other. The buyer does

/pdf/auction-theory-bidder-s-perspective-in-a-public-out-cry-4acpz4tiqb.pdf

This paper provides an overview of auction theory literature. We present a general review on literature of various auctions and focus ourselves specifically on an English auction. We are interested in modelling bidder's behavior in an English auction environment. And hence, we present an overview of the New Zealand wool auction followed by a model that would describe a bidder's decision making behavior from the New Zealand wool auction. The mathematical assumptions in an English auction environment are demonstrated from the perspective of the New Zealand wool auction. HIS paper aims to present an overview of auction theory literature. We begin with a brief history of the auction followed by the types of auction practiced nowadays. In the second section, we present the review of literature on auction theory highlighting the English auction environment. The third section deals with a brief introduction of the New Zealand wool auction and its relation to the New Zealand Wool Industry (NZWI). In the fourth section, the mathematical assumptions in an English auction environment are demonstrated taking into account the New Zealand wool auction. Further, an illustration of a bidder's decision making behavior in the New Zealand wool auction is presented in a model. Finally, we summarize the paper and propose future work. Literally, the word auction is derived from 'augere' meaning "to increase". When we go to the history of auction we can see the practice was started in Babylon from 500 BC (1). In the modern world, auctions are used primarily for transactions of goods and services. Auctions help in a way to form the price and make a contribution of empirical

/pdf/auction-theory-bidder-s-perspective-in-an-english-auction-2498uhvas2.pdf

Don Kulasiri

Papers

Auction Theory: Bidder's Perspective in a Public Out-Cry English Auction

Optimization Approaches for a Complex Dairy Farm Simulation Model

Phenolic Release during In Vitro Digestion of Cold and Hot Extruded Noodles Supplemented with Starch and Phenolic Extracts

Auction Theory: Bidder's Perspective in a Public Out-Cry English Auction

Auction theory: bidder’s perspective in an English auction environment