Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications

This critical review shows the basis of photocatalytic water splitting and experimental points, and surveys heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting into H2 and O2, and H2 or O2 evolution from an aqueous solution containing a sacrificial reagent Many oxides consisting of metal cations with d0 and d10 configurations, metal (oxy)sulfide and metal (oxy)nitride photocatalysts have been reported, especially during the latest decade The fruitful photocatalyst library gives important information on factors affecting photocatalytic performances and design of new materials Photocatalytic water splitting and H2 evolution using abundant compounds as electron donors are expected to contribute to construction of a clean and simple system for solar hydrogen production, and a solution of global energy and environmental issues in the future (361 references)

Heterogeneous photocatalyst materials for water splitting

Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with high efficiency and low emission of pollutants. However, before fuel-cell technology can gain a significant share of the electrical power market, important issues have to be addressed. These issues include optimal choice of fuel, and the development of alternative materials in the fuel-cell stack. Present fuel-cell prototypes often use materials selected more than 25 years ago. Commercialization aspects, including cost and durability, have revealed inadequacies in some of these materials. Here we summarize recent progress in the search and development of innovative alternative materials.

Materials for fuel-cell technologies

Scientific studies on photocatalysis started about two and a half decades ago. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), which is one of the most basic materials in our daily life, has emerged as an excellent photocatalyst material for environmental purification. In this review, current progress in the area of TiO 2 photocatalysis, mainly photocatalytic air purification, sterilization and cancer therapy are discussed together with some fundamental aspects. A novel photoinduced superhydrophilic phenomenon involving TiO 2 and its applications are presented.

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Titanium dioxide photocatalysis

Abstract Scientific studies on photocatalysis started about two and a half decades ago. Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), which is one of the most basic materials in our daily life, has emerged as an excellent photocatalyst material for environmental purification. In this review, current progress in the area of TiO 2 photocatalysis, mainly photocatalytic air purification, sterilization and cancer therapy are discussed together with some fundamental aspects. A novel photoinduced superhydrophilic phenomenon involving TiO 2 and its applications are presented.

Titanium dioxide as photocatalysis

TiO2 photocatalysis and related surface phenomena

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), mixed with Co(II) or Fe(II) salts and high-area carbon and then heat treated, has been found to yield very promising catalysts for O2 reduction in concentrated alkaline and acid solutions. The catalytic activities are comparable to those for the heat-treated corresponding transition metal macrocycles and polypyrrole black-based catalysts. The addition of the transition metal to the nitrogen-containing polymer, either before or after the heat treatment with carbon, is an important factor for good activity. The nitrile nitrogen of the PAN is probably retained and converted to pyridyl nitrogen during the heat treatment, and this nitrogen is believed to provide binding sites for the transition metal ions, which then act as catalytic sites for oxygen reduction to peroxide and its decomposition.

Heat-treated polyacrylonitrile-based catalysts for oxygen electroreduction

Recent topics in photoelectrochemistry: achievements and future prospects

http://photowetsun.web.auth.gr/doc/sources/Heterogeneous_photocatalysis_fujishima.pdf

Donald A. Tryk

Papers

Titanium dioxide photocatalysis

TiO2 photocatalysis and related surface phenomena

Heat-treated polyacrylonitrile-based catalysts for oxygen electroreduction

Recent topics in photoelectrochemistry: achievements and future prospects

Heterogeneous photocatalysis: From water photolysis to applications in environmental cleanup