Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: a review

The hydrophobic effect — the tendency for oil and water to segregate — is important in diverse phenomena, from the cleaning of laundry, to the creation of micro-emulsions to make new materials, to the assembly of proteins into functional complexes. This effect is multifaceted depending on whether hydrophobic molecules are individually hydrated or driven to assemble into larger structures. Despite the basic principles underlying the hydrophobic effect being qualitatively well understood, only recently have theoretical developments begun to explain and quantify many features of this ubiquitous phenomenon.

/pdf/interfaces-and-the-driving-force-of-hydrophobic-assembly-2hgxjxkvur.pdf

Interfaces and the driving force of hydrophobic assembly

The increasing worldwide contamination of freshwater systems with thousands of industrial and natural chemical compounds is one of the key environmental problems facing humanity. Although most of these compounds are present at low concentrations, many of them raise considerable toxicological concerns, particularly when present as components of complex mixtures. Here we review three scientific challenges in addressing water-quality problems caused by such micropollutants. First, tools to assess the impact of these pollutants on aquatic life and human health must be further developed and refined. Second, cost-effective and appropriate remediation and water-treatment technologies must be explored and implemented. Third, usage and disposal strategies, coupled with the search for environmentally more benign products and processes, should aim to minimize introduction of critical pollutants into the aquatic environment.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/313/5790/1072.full.pdf

The Challenge of Micropollutants in Aquatic Systems

This book is written as a reference on organic substances in natural waters and as a supplementary text for graduate students in water chemistry. The chapters address five topics: amount, origin, nature, geochemistry, and characterization of organic carbon. Of these topics, the main themes are the amount and nature of dissolved organic carbon in natural waters (mainly fresh water, although seawater is briefly discussed). It is hoped that the reader is familiar with organic chemistry, but it is not necessary. The first part of the book is a general overview of the amount and general nature of dissolved organic carbon. Over the past 10 years there has been an exponential increase in knowledge on organic substances in water, which is the result of money directed toward the research of organic compounds, of new methods of analysis (such as gas chromatography and mass spectrometry), and most importantly, the result of more people working in this field. Because of this exponential increase in knowledge, there is a need to pull together and summarize the data that has accumulated from many disciplines over the last decade.

Organic geochemistry of natural waters

http://joenschem.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/atkinson2000r.93190106.pdf

Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx

Tyggegummi med langvarig soed smag og fremgangsmaade til ders fremstilling

Petroleum Contaminated Soil: Chemistry and Modeling

The first step in the assessment of human exposure to an organic contaminant is the estimation of concentrations of the chemical in various environmental media such as air, water, soil and sediment. General multimedia models have been developed which can be used calculate an expected environmental distribution of a chemical based on its physical chemical characteristics.1,2,3,4

Current Studies on Human Exposure to Chemicals with Emphasis on the Plant Route

Vegetation/Air Partition Coefficient

An overview of the activities at the Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre at Trent University, Ontario, Canada is presented, with emphasis on recent developments. In the last five years, user-friendly Windows-based versions of the popular multimedia fugacity models have been developed at the Centre. These models are described and applications and model validations discussed. These relatively simple, fully transparent and easily used models can be applied to rapidly evaluate environmental fate, and human and wildlife exposure. Other recent developments of the Centre reported here include: (1) the compilation of the Mackay physical-chemical property handbooks on CD ROM; (2) the inclusion of vegetation in models; (3) the development of food-web and human exposure modules to be used with the models; (4) the addition of uncertainty analysis to model outputs; (5) the use of models to define persistence and long-range transport; and (6) the development of a continent-scale model to describe chemical fate in North America.

Donald Mackay

Papers

Tyggegummi med langvarig soed smag og fremgangsmaade til ders fremstilling

Petroleum Contaminated Soil: Chemistry and Modeling

Current Studies on Human Exposure to Chemicals with Emphasis on the Plant Route

Vegetation/Air Partition Coefficient

Recent Developments in Environmental Modelling at Trent University, Canada