Publisher Summary This chapter discusses whole-mount staining of xenopus and other vertebrates. Whole-mount staining makes the analysis of normal and experimentally manipulated embryos much simpler. It can be used in the assay of cellular differentiation in induction and tissue recombination experiments. It should be possible not only to assay for the indication of specific tissues, but to characterize the three-dimensional relationships between the tissue types. Whole-mount staining greatly simplifies the characterization of the expressions patterns of exogenous DNAs. Similarly, the effects of injected antibodies, antisense reagents, or the ecotopic expression of specific molecules on development can be analyzed rapidly. The prerequisite for any whole-mount analysis is that one is able to see through the specimen. This means either that the specimen must be naturally transparent, a rare feature among higher metazoans, or that it must be possible to “clear” it. Clearing generally involves two steps: extracting material from the specimen, then matching the refractive index of the bulk of the specimen remaining, thereby rendering it transparent. Primary considerations in selecting a clearing agent are how closely it matches the refractive index of the specimen, its inherent toxicity, and its compatibility with the staining reagents used.

Whole-mount staining of Xenopus and other vertebrates.

The presence of skeletal anomalies in farmed teleost fish is currently a major problem in aquaculture, entailing economical, biological and ethical issues. The common occurrence of skeletal abnormalities in farmed fish and the absence of effective solutions for avoiding their onset or definitely culling out the affected individuals as early as possible from the productive cycle, highlight the need to improve our knowledge on the basic processes regulating fish skeletogenesis and skeletal tissues differentiation, modelling and remodelling. Severe skeletal anomalies may actually occur throughout the entire life cycle of fish, but their development often begins with slight aberrations of the internal elements. Comprehensive investigation efforts conducted on reared larvae and juveniles could provide a great contribution in filling the gap in knowledge, as skeletogenesis and skeletal tissue differentiation occur during these early life stages. The aim of this review is to provide a synthetic but comprehensive picture of the actual knowledge on the ontogeny, typologies and occurrence of skeletal anomalies, and on the proposed causative factors for their onset in larvae and juveniles of European farmed fish. The state-of-art of knowledge of these issues is analysed critically intending to individualize the main gaps of knowledge that require to be filled, in order to optimize the morphological quality of farmed juveniles.

Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles, part 2 : main typologies, occurrences and causative factors

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/raq.12016

Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors

We call a metric quasi-Einstein if the m -Bakry–Emery Ricci tensor is a constant multiple of the metric tensor. This is a generalization of Einstein metrics, it contains gradient Ricci solitons and is also closely related to the construction of the warped product Einstein metrics. We study properties of quasi-Einstein metrics and prove several rigidity results. We also give a splitting theorem for some Kahler quasi-Einstein metrics.

Rigidity of quasi-Einstein metrics ☆

Osteological development of the vertebral column and of the fins in Pagellus erythrinus (L. 1758). Temperature effect on the developmental plasticity and morpho-anatomical abnormalities

We study Einstein warped product spaces. As a result, we prove the following: if M is an Einstein warped product space with nonpositive scalar curvature and compact base, then M is simply a Riemannian product space.

/pdf/compact-einstein-warped-product-spaces-with-nonpositive-u8vgmc8d0j.pdf

Compact Einstein warped product spaces with nonpositive scalar curvature

A new procedure for clearing and differentially staining skeletons of vertebrate larvae is described Body pigments of fixed specimens are bleached by treatment with alkaline H2O2 This process markedly enhances the transparency of alcian blue-alizarine red S stained whole animals without damaging the specimens This procedure should be useful for analyzing skeletal structures in studies of embryology, comparative anatomy and teratology of small vertebrates

A procedure for staining cartilage and bone of whole vertebrate larvae while rendering all other tissues transparent.

We study surfaces in the 3-dimensional Euclidean space with two family of planar lines of curvature. As a result, we estab- lish some characterization theorems for such surfaces.

/pdf/surfaces-with-planar-lines-of-curvature-3cwwwktipc.pdf

Surfaces with planar lines of curvature

In this paper, we study submanifolds in a Euclidean space with a generalized 1-type Gauss map. The Gauss map, G, of a submanifold in the n-dimensional Euclidean space, En, is said to be of generalized 1-type if, for the Laplace operator, Δ, on the submanifold, it satisfies ΔG=fG+gC, where C is a constant vector and f and g are some functions. The notion of a generalized 1-type Gauss map is a generalization of both a 1-type Gauss map and a pointwise 1-type Gauss map. With the new definition, first of all, we classify conical surfaces with a generalized 1-type Gauss map in E3. Second, we show that the Gauss map of any cylindrical surface in E3 is of the generalized 1-type. Third, we prove that there are no tangent developable surfaces with generalized 1-type Gauss maps in E3, except planes. Finally, we show that cylindrical hypersurfaces in En+2 always have generalized 1-type Gauss maps.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/6/8/130/pdf

Hypersurfaces with Generalized 1-Type Gauss Maps

In this article, we study ruled hypersurfaces in a Lorentz-Minkowski space which has finite type immersion. As a result, we give a complete classification of ruled hypersurfaces or finite type immersion into a Lorentz-Minkowski space .

Dong-Soo Kim

Papers

Compact Einstein warped product spaces with nonpositive scalar curvature

A procedure for staining cartilage and bone of whole vertebrate larvae while rendering all other tissues transparent.

Surfaces with planar lines of curvature

Hypersurfaces with Generalized 1-Type Gauss Maps

Finite type ruled hypersurfaces in lorentz-minkowski space