https://www.ecnp.eu/~/media/Files/ecnp/communication/reports/ECNP%20EBC%20Report.pdf

The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010

The prevalence of mental disorders in older people in Western countries - a meta-analysis.

Body dysmorphic disorder in different settings: A systematic review and estimated weighted prevalence

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common reaction to traumatic experiences. We propose a socio-interpersonal model of PTSD that complements existing models of post-traumatic memory processes or neurobiological changes. The model adds an interpersonal perspective to explain responses to traumatic stress. The framework draws from lifespan psychology, cultural psychology and research into close relationships and groups. Additionally, clinical knowledge about PTSD is incorporated. This involves knowledge about shame, guilt, estrangement feelings and protective factors, such as social support and forgiveness. Three levels are proposed at which relevant interpersonal processes can be situated and should be adequately researched. First, the individual level comprises social affective states, such as shame, guilt, anger and feelings of revenge. Second, at the close relationship level, social support, negative exchange (ostracism and blaming the victim), disclosure and empathy are proposed as dyadic processes relevant to PTSD research and treatment. Third, the distant social level represents culture and society, in which the collectivistic nature of trauma, perceived injustice, and social acknowledgement are concepts that predict the response trajectories to traumatic stress. Research by the current authors and others is cited in an effort to promote future investigation based on the current model. Methodological implications, such as multi-level data analyses, and clinical implications, such as the need for couple, community or larger-level societal interventions, are both outlined. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: The socio-interpersonal model proposes an interpersonal view of the processes that occur in the aftermath of a traumatic experience. At the individual level, the model integrates the social affective phenomena that clinical research identifies in PTSD patients, including shame, guilt, anger, revenge and the urges or reluctance to disclose. At the level of close relationships, there is an emphasis on the role of the individuals' partner, family or social support in the development or maintenance of PTSD and its recovery. At the distant social level, societal and cultural factors, e.g., individualistic versus collectivistic or other human value orientations, are acknowledged as contributing to the severity and course of PTSD. Increasing attention should be given to new approaches of PTSD treatment that refer to an interpersonal view of PTSD, e.g., communication training, PTSD-specific couples' therapy or community programs.

A socio-interpersonal perspective on PTSD: the case for environments and interpersonal processes.

The aim of the study was to examine the combined effect of gender and age on post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in order to describe a possible gender difference in the lifespan distribution of PTSD. Data were collected from previous Danish and Nordic studies of PTSD or trauma. The final sample was composed of 6,548 participants, 2,768 (42.3%) men and 3,780 (57.7%) women. PTSD was measured based on the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, part IV (HTQ-IV). Men and women differed in lifespan distribution of PTSD. The highest prevalence of PTSD was seen in the early 40s for men and in the early 50s for women, while the lowest prevalence for both genders was in the early 70s. Women had an overall twofold higher PTSD prevalence than men. However, at some ages the female to male ratio was nearly 3:1. The highest female to male ratio was found for the 21 to 25 year-olds. The lifespan gender differences indicate the importance of including reproductive factors and social responsibilities in the understanding of the development of PTSD.

/pdf/the-combined-effect-of-gender-and-age-on-post-traumatic-4sn0y3qfw4.pdf

The combined effect of gender and age on post traumatic stress disorder: do men and women show differences in the lifespan distribution of the disorder?

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterised by a preoccupation with perceived defects in one's appearance, which leads to significant distress and/or impairment. Although several studies have investigated the prevalence of BDD, many studies have methodological limitations (e.g., small sample sizes and student populations), and studies on the prevalence of BDD in the general population are limited. In the current study, 2510 individuals participated in a representative German nationwide survey. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria for BDD and associated characteristics such as suicidality and the prevalence of plastic surgeries were examined using self-report questionnaires. The prevalence of current BDD was 1.8% (N=45). Further, individuals with BDD, relative to individuals without BDD, reported significantly more often a history of cosmetic surgery (15.6% vs. 3.0%), higher rates of suicidal ideation (31.0% vs. 3.5%) and suicide attempts due to appearance concerns (22.2% vs. 2.1%). The current findings are consistent with previous findings, indicating that self-reported BDD is a common disorder associated with significant morbidity.

Updates on the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: A population-based survey

In einer reprasentativen Bevolkerungsstichprobe (n=2426) uber ein breites Alterspektrum (14–93 Jahre) wurden die Pravalenz traumatischer Ereignisse, des Vollbildes der posttraumatische Belastungsstorung (PTBS) und partieller PTBS-Syndrome geschatzt. Ein standardisiertes Interview mit einer Traumaliste des Composite International Diagnostic Interviews (CIDI) und eine PTSD-Symptomliste nach DSM-IV (modifizierte PTSD-Symptomskala) wurden eingesetzt. Die Einmonatspravalenzrate lag bei 2,3% fur das PTBS-Vollbild sowie 2,7% fur die partiellen PTBS-Syndrome. Wahrend sich keine Geschlechtsunterschiede hinsichtlich der Pravalenz ergaben, zeigten sich Altersgruppenunterschiede: Die uber 60-Jahrigen hatten eine Pravalenz bez. des PTBS-Vollbildes von 3,4%, wahrend diese bei den 14- bis 29-Jahrigen 1,3% und bei den 30- bis 59-Jahrigen 1,9% betrug. Die partiellen PTBS-Syndrome zeigten ebenfalls einen Altersgipfel mit 3,8% in der Gruppe der Alteren sowie 2,4% bei Mittelalten und 1,3% bei jungen Erwachsenen. Die Ergebnisse entsprechen weitgehend denen anderer internationaler Studien, wenn Kriegsauswirkungen fur bestimmte Altersgruppen als nationale Besonderheiten berucksichtigt werden. Erstmals konnte unsere reprasentative Studie eine – wahrscheinlich durch den 2. Weltkrieg mitbedingte – relativ hohe Pravalenz der PTBS in der hochsten Altersgruppe der deutschen Bevolkerung aufzeigen.

/pdf/posttraumatische-belastungsstorungen-in-deutschland-3jtoar303z.pdf

Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen in Deutschland

Diagnostische Verfahren in der Psychotherapie

Brickenkamp Handbuch psychologischer und pädagogischer Tests

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterised by a preoccupation with perceived defects in one’s appearance, which leads to significant distress and/or impairment. Although several studies have investigated the prevalence of BDD, many studies have methodological limitations (e.g., small sample sizes and student populations), and studies on the prevalence of BDD in the general population are limited. In the current study, 2510 individuals participated in a representative German nationwide survey. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) criteria for BDD and associated characteristics such as suicidality and the prevalence of plastic surgeries were examined using self-report questionnaires. The prevalence of current BDD was 1.8% (N = 45). Further, individuals with BDD, relative to individuals without BDD, reported significantly more often a history of cosmetic surgery (15.6% vs. 3.0%), higher rates of suicidal ideation (31.0% vs. 3.5%) and suicide attempts due to appe...

E Brähler

Papers

Updates on the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: A population-based survey

Posttraumatische Belastungsstörungen in Deutschland

Diagnostische Verfahren in der Psychotherapie

Brickenkamp Handbuch psychologischer und pädagogischer Tests

Updates on the Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Population-Based Survey