Kinematic structure of mechanisms revisited

Chapter 1: IntroductionChapter 2: Basic CurvesChapter 3: Modified Cam CurvesChapter 4: Polynomial and Fourier Series Cam CurvesChapter 5: Cam Motion Synthesis Using Spline FunctionsChapter 6: Elements of Cam Profile GeometryChapter 7: Geometry of Planer Cam ProfilesChapter 8: Cam Mechanism ForcesChapter 9: Cam Materials and LubricationChapter 10: Cam ManufacturingChapter 11: Cam System ModelingChapter 12: Cam System Dynamics -- AnalysisChapter 13: Cam System Dynamics -- ResponseChapter 14: Special Cam MechanismsChapter 15: Cams in Microelectromechanical SystemsChapter 16: Automotive Camshaft DynamicsAPPENDIX A: BASIC CONTOURSAPPENDIX B: BASIC CAM CURVE FACTORSAPPENDIX C: POLYNOMIAL COEFFICIENTSAPPENDIX D: CAM COMPUTER SOFTWAREAPPENDIX E: CAD/CAM FOR A MEDICAL INSTRUMENT CAM MECHANISMAPPENDIX F: OPTIMAL CONTROL THEORY DERIVATION FOR TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMINDEX

Cam Design Handbook

Conceptual design is an early phase in the design process, which involves the generation of solution concepts to satisfy the functional requirements of a design problem. There can be more than one solution to a problem; this means that there is scope for producing improved designs if one could explore a solution space larger than is possible at present. Computer support to conceptual design could be effective to this end, if an adequate understanding of the required design knowledge and subsequent tools for its representation and manipulation were available. This three-part series of articles describes one approach to synthesis of solutions to a class of mechanical design problems; these involve transmission and transformation of mechanical forces and motion, and can be described by a set of inputs and outputs. The approach involves(1) identifying a set of primary functional elements and rules of combining them, and(2) developing appropriate representations and reasoning procedures for synthesising solution concepts using these elements and their combination rules; these synthesis procedures can produce an exhaustive set of solution concepts, in terms of their topological as well as spatial configurations, to a given design problem. Part I provides an overview of the scope and the approach, adopted in the entire series, to identify the design knowledge required for synthesis, and a method for its validation. It specifically focuses on the extraction and representation of this knowledge. Part II describes synthesis of topological (graph structure) descriptions of possible solutions to a given problem. Part III describes a procedure for producing spatial configurations of these solutions.

An Approach to Functional Synthesis of Solutions in Mechanical Conceptual Design. Part I: Introduction and Knowledge Representation

A computerized methodology for structural synthesis of kinematic chains: Part 1— Formulation

Although many ingenious mechanisms have been designed, the fundamental task of conceptualizing these devices is, to a great extent, still an art. While sophisticated computational tools for dynamic analysis of mechanisms exist, hardly any computational methods exist for generalized synthesis. To develop a computational model for synthesis, a formal foundation for mechanisms design must be laid by rationalizing the process of mechanical synthesis. Rationalization in synthesis implies that complex mechanical motions can be described in terms of primitives or building blocks. In this paper, we present a matrix methodology that forms the basis for a computable approach to design synthesis. In this methodology, the continuous design space of a mechanisms domain is discretized into functional subspaces, and each subspace is represented uniquely by a conceptual building block. The matrix scheme serves as a formal means to (a) represent and reason with the building blocks at different levels of abstraction, (b) generate alternate conceptual design configurations, and (c) facilitate rapid simulation of design concepts by connecting a series of building blocks.

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Conceptual design of mechanisms based on computational synthesis and simulation of kinematic building blocks

Development of an Optimum Variable-Stroke Internal-Combustion Engine Mechanism From the Viewpoint of Kinematic Structure

Kinematic Structure of Mechanisms for Fixed and Variable-Stroke Axial-Piston Reciprocating Machines

A new mechanism, which we have called the generalized Oldham coupling, has been described. With a circular-arc construction for its projections and grooves, the coupling has been shown to be analyzable in terms of an equivalent drag linkage, which is generally much larger than the coupling. The kinematic analysis of the coupling, including sliding motions, has been given and general considerations regarding transmission-angle optimization and dynamic equivalence have been pointed out. The application of the coupling to phase changing is reviewed and a general form of construction involving rollers has been described and shown to yield a phase-changing capability of a very general nature.

The Generalized Oldham Coupling

Energy Efficient Cam-Follower Systems

This paper describes several mechanical balancers, based on the planetary gear trains known as the hypotrochoid and epitrochoid trains, for reducing or eliminating second-order out-of-balance in mechanical systems. It is shown that by proper arrangement of the planetary gear trains, a balancer can be obtained for the elimination of second-order shaking forces or second-order shaking moments or a combination of both shaking forces and moments. The advantage of this type of balancer is that the carrier of the gear train needs only to run at the primary speed of the mechanical system to be balanced. Therefore, the balancer can be designed to be concentric with the primary rotating shaft of the machine using the primary shaft as the carrier. For example, for the balance of the second-order shaking force of an inline four-cylinder four-stroke internal combustion piston engine, the balancer can be placed on the third main bearing or one on each of the second and fourth main bearings.

E. R. Maki

Papers

Development of an Optimum Variable-Stroke Internal-Combustion Engine Mechanism From the Viewpoint of Kinematic Structure

Kinematic Structure of Mechanisms for Fixed and Variable-Stroke Axial-Piston Reciprocating Machines

The Generalized Oldham Coupling

Energy Efficient Cam-Follower Systems

Planetary-Gear-Type Second-Harmonic Balancers