Development of a fluorescent antibody virus neutralisation test (FAVN test) for the quantitation of rabies-neutralising antibody

Rabies continues to be a serious problem in both developed and developing nations due to the reservoir of rabies virus in wildlife vectors. The control and worldwide eradication of rabies depends on the development of safe, effective, and economical vaccines that might be used in preexposure vaccination programs for humans and animals. To this end an infectious human adenovirus type 5 recombinant virus that contains the rabies glycoprotein gene, and which may serve as the prototype for a new class of vaccines against rabies, was constructed and tested. This recombinant, when administered by either the parenteral or oronasal route, was highly effective in eliciting good levels of rabies-neutralizing antibodies in the sera of dogs and mice. Mice immunized by the recombinant virus were protected from lethal intracerebral challenge with rabies virus.

A Recombinant Human Adenovirus Vaccine against Rabies

The wide occurrence of sialic acids in nature is an indication of their great biological importance. As is described in other chapters in this book, the identification of the sialic acids was pioneered in several laboratories, while the biosynthetic mechanism of sialic acid formation was elucidated essentially by the work of Roseman’s and Warren’s groups in the United States (see Roseman 1962, Warren 1972, Schachter and Roden 1973, McGuire 1976, Schachter 1978).

Metabolism of Sialic Acids

Rabies immunosome (subunit vaccine) structure and immunogenicity. Pre- and post-exposure protection studies.

A new recombinant rabies vaccine (human adenovirus 5 containing the rabies glycoprotein gene) was given to striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Groups of skunks received the vaccine in baits, by direct instillation into the mouth, or intramuscularly. Foxes were given vaccine by direct instillation into the oral cavity (DIOC). Selected groups of vaccinated skunks and foxes were challenged with street rabies virus.

Oral rabies vaccination of skunks and foxes with a recombinant human adenovirus vaccine.

A microtest for the quantitation of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies.

Interference of influenza-specific IgA antibodies present in throat washings with isolation of the virus.

The role of hemagglutinin in the inhibition of neuraminidase activity of influenza virus by concanavalin A

In evaluating the applicability of the HAA late~ agglutination test I for routine diagnostic use, it was found that it compares favourably in sensitivity with counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) for the detection of hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA)and has the added advantage of being more rapid and simpler to perform. It has, however, a serious disadvantage of giving a disturbingly high percentage (5--8% in our hands) of false-positive reactions.

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Elimination of non-specific reaction in latex agglutination test for the detection of hepatitis-associated antigen.

Evidence is presented suggesting that the in-hibitory effect of Concanavalin A on the neuraminidase activity of various strains of influenza A virus is dependent on the juxtaposition of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of the respective strains.

E. Zalan

Papers

A microtest for the quantitation of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies.

Interference of influenza-specific IgA antibodies present in throat washings with isolation of the virus.

The role of hemagglutinin in the inhibition of neuraminidase activity of influenza virus by concanavalin A

Elimination of non-specific reaction in latex agglutination test for the detection of hepatitis-associated antigen.

Studies on the Inhibitory Effect of Concanavalin A on the Neuraminidase Activity of Influenza A Virus Strains