Showing papers by "Eberhard H. Uhlenhuth published in 1981"
TL;DR: Mood changes produced by amphetamine were similar across all three experiments despite the decrease in drug preference, suggesting the independence of these two measures.
Abstract: Ten normal human volunteers participated in 3 identical choice experiments comparing 5 mg d-amphetamine and placebo. Each experiment consisted of 9 sessions. During the first 4 sessions of each experiment, subjects received alternatively drug or placebo. During the next 5 sessions, they were given a choice between amphetamine and placebo. Subjective effects were assessed using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) before drug was taken and 1, 3 and 6 hrs later. Subjects chose amphetamine an average of 4.0, 3.2 and 2.1 times out of 5 during each of the three experiments, in that order. Compared to placebo, amphetamine produced changes in mood as measured by the POMS including increased Vigor, Elation, Arousal and Positive Mood. Mood changes produced by amphetamine were similar across all three experiments despite the decrease in drug preference, suggesting the independence of these two measures. The results are discussed in terms of developing methods for predicting the abuse potential of psychotropic drugs.
79 citations
TL;DR: The data support the presence of cognitive dysfunction in depression, even in ambulatory patients without substantial impairments of attention or motor functioning and indicate that antidepressant drugs can produce improvement in cognitive function, possibly as a forerunner of clinical improvement.
Abstract: A group of moderately depressed, nonpsychotic outpatients had impaired performance on a short-term item-recognition memory task (compared with a group of matched normal controls) without evidence of impaired speed or attention on two simpler tasks. Compared with placebo, treatment with imipramine hydrochloride in a multiple crossover design using three-week treatment periods led to improved performance on the memory task without either clinically apparent improvement in depression or significantly improved performance on the other task rather than a specific impairment of short-term memory, but the data do support the presence of cognitive dysfunction in depression, even in ambulatory patients without substantial impairments of attention or motor functioning. The results also indicate that antidepressant drugs can produce improvement in cognitive function, possibly as a forerunner of clinical improvement.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a nine-session experiment with normal, young, adult volunteers was conducted and participants were divided into three groups: (1) five of five drug choices (N = 16), (2) four of five (n = 12), and (3) 0--3 of five drugs choices ( n = 17).
Abstract: Forty-five normal, young, adult volunteers participated in a nine-session experiment. During the first four sessions, they received alternately 5 mg d-amphetamine or placebo. During the next five sessions, they chose between amphetamine and placebo. On the basis of the choice results, subjects retrospectively were divided into the following three groups: (1) five of five drug choices (N = 16); (2) four of five drug choices (N = 12); and (3) 0--3 of five drug choices (N = 17). There was an overall average of 3.76 drug choices per subject. These groups were compared by demographic characteristics, drug use history, and several personality measures, but none predicted drug choice. However, subjects who chose drug on every occasion had significantly higher predrug scores on the anxiety, depression, and confusion subscales of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The functional relationship between initial dysphoria and consistent amphetamine choosing remains an intriguing question.
71 citations
TL;DR: The effects of single oral doses of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, were studied in eight anxious volunteer subjects in a single‐blind balanced Latin‐square design and the Profile of Mood States, a self‐rating adjective checklist, was used as the quantitative measure of subjective effects.
Abstract: The effects of single oral doses of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, were studied in eight anxious volunteer subjects. Each subject had two exposures to placebo and three dose levels of nabilone at one-week intervals in a single-blind balanced Latin-square design after the nabilone dose range was determined by each subject's response to a test dose. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored. The Profile of Mood States (POMS), a self-rating adjective checklist, was used as the quantitative measure of subjective effects. Four subjects performed a continuous avoidance procedure. High doses (4 or 5 mg) of nabilone produced orthostatic hypotension in these subjects. Mild dose-related increases in heart rate also occurred. Despite the occurrence of highly significant levels of sedation, there were no significant effects of nabilone on the continuous avoidance procedure. Two of these four subjects experienced an antianxiety effect from low (1 or 2 mg) nabilone doses. Four other subjects received comparatively lower doses of nabilone and performed on three behavioral tasks at intervals before and after drug: a recognition memory procedure, a task requiring spaced responding at a controlled rate, and a reaction time task. In these subjects there were no reliable effects on blood pressure or heart rate, no significant subjective effects on the POMS, and no antianxiety effects. Drug effects were also minimal on the three behavioral tasks.
36 citations
TL;DR: The data suggest that central facilitating mechanisms are activated by complex interactions among several factors, including the likely consequences of task performance, and that response-contingent monetary reinforcement was available when either feedback alone or no feedback was provided.
Abstract: Three experiments were conducted using normal adults to assess the effects of contingencies of reinforcement on vigilance-reaction time performance and skin conductance. There was significant, direct relationship between rate of skin conductance responding and speed of performance. Performance was faster and skin conductance responses were more frequent when response-contingent monetary reinforcement was available than when either feedback alone or no feedback was provided. The data suggest that central facilitating mechanisms are activated by complex interactions among several factors, including the likely consequences of task performance.
3 citations