PURPOSE:To suppress the convection in a raw material melt and to produce a uniform single crystal of high purity having a uniform cylindrical section by placing opposed magnets of the same poles in the upper and lower part on the outside wall of a pulling furnace, and generating radial and epiaxially symmetrical Gauss magnetic fields in the melt. CONSTITUTION:Opposed magnets 8, 8' of the same poles, for example, superconductive magnets, are placed in the upper and lower parts on the outside wall of a pulling furnace 7 for a single crystal and electric currents in directions 9, 9' are flowed. Then, the melt flows 10 shown by solid line arrows are generated in a melt 3 and the magnetic fields 11 shown by dotted line arrows are generated therein. More specifically, equiaxial-symmetrical and radial Gauss magnetic fields are generated in the melt 3 by the magnets 8, 8'. Since the magnetic fields 11 intersecting approximately orthogonally with each other in each part of the respective melt flows 10 (axial and radial directions) can be generated in this case, the flows 10 are suppressed uniformly by the magnetic field and the axial- symmetrical temp. distribution is obtd. The single crystal having a uniform circular section and uniform crystallinity is thus obtained.

Method for pulling up single crystal

PURPOSE:To reduce the building cost of a fermentation tank while increasing the load amount of an org. substance to a large extent, by adding a ferrite carrier to the fermentation tank to form a ferrite carrier sludge bed. CONSTITUTION:Raw water in a fermentation tank 25 is stirred by a stirring impeller 31 and, while the fermentation tank 25 is heated by warm water flowing through a warm water jacket 34 from below to above, a ferrite carrier such as magnetite or heavy metal ferrite and a carrier such as diatomaceous earth with a particle size of 10-500mum or activated carbon with a particle size of 100-500mum are added to said tank 25 and sludge is adsorbed by the carriers to form a carrier/sludge bed. The carriers are mixed by a methane fermentation treated liquid at every 3-4 days in an amount corresponding to about 5% of the charged COD amount loaded during this time.

Methane fermentation method

PURPOSE:To prevent the occurrence of abnormal sound and abnormal resonance by joining coaxially a large diameter part of the 2nd square-type drive cone smaller than the 1st one, in the condition where a voice coil is mounted to a small diameter part of the 1st square-type drive cone is loaded with respect to a frame having a magnetic circuit CONSTITUTION:Two locations of the outer periphery part and inner intermediate part of a square-type diaphragm 8 are jointed to square large diameter parts of square-type drive cones 71 and 72 A diaphragm system without distortion can be obtained which is jointed to a coil bobbin 5 obtained by winding a voice coil 4 unitedly with a small circular diameter part formed by both cones 71 and 72 Thus the voice coil 4 is disposed at the normal position without tilting a magnetic gap of a magnetic circuit 2 The joint position of the square large diameter part of the cones 71 and 72 with respect to the diaphragm 8 is set in the vicinity of a peripheral part 81 of each diaphragm or a square coaxial intermediate part 82 As a result, the abnormal resonance at four corners of the diaphragm 8 can be suppressed

Echiennu Marii Fuiir Gusutaafu

Papers

Dynamic converter and method of producing same