This work consists of two volumes, and extends over eighteen hundred closely printed pages. In the preface we are informed that the greater part was in manuscript when the pen dropped from the author's hand. The section on Diseases of the Heart was not completed, and that on Diseases of the Skin was not commenced. Dr Wilks has completed the former; while the editor, Dr Pye-Smith, has supplied the latter. The range of the work is the same as that of other treatises on the Principles and Practice of Medicine, while owing to its size greater freedom has necessarily been obtained for a more elaborate treatment of the varied subjects with which such a work deals, than could be possible in one of more restricted dimensions. But this is one of the few large works which one would gladly have had even fuller; its whole contents are of such a quality that curtailment in any section would have been a loss. It is quite impossible in the space at our disposal to critically review the special teaching of the various chapters, and yet without this there is difficulty in conveying anything like an accurate impression of what the book is. Even to class it as the best work

The Principles and Practice of Medicine

This chapter describes selected assays for the evaluation of cellular viability and proliferation of cell cultures. The underlying principle of these assays is the measurement of a biochemical marker to evaluate the cell’s metabolic activity. The formation of the omnipresent reducing agents NADH and NADPH is used as a marker for metabolic activity in the following assays. Using NADH and NADPH as electron sources, specific dyes are biochemically reduced which results in a color change that can be determined with basic photometrical methods. The assays selected for this chapter include MTT, WST, and resazurin. They are applicable for adherent or suspended cell lines, easy to perform, and comparably economical. Detailed protocols and notes for easier handling and avoiding pitfalls are enclosed to each assay.

Cell Viability Assays

Recent developments in biological activities of chalcones: a mini review.

Woody Plants of Ghana and Their Uses@@@Woody Plants of Ghana, with Special Reference to Their Uses

The herb Artemisia annua has been used for many centuries in Chinese traditional medicine as a treatment for fever and malaria. In 1971, Chinese chemists isolated from the leafy portions of the plant the substance responsible for its reputed medicinal action. This compound, called qinghaosu (QHS, artemisinin), is a sesquiterpene lactone that bears a peroxide grouping and, unlike most other antimalarials, lacks a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring system. The compound has been used successfully in several thousand malaria patients in China, including those with both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Derivatives of QHS, such as dihydroqinghaosu, artemether, and the water-soluble sodium artesunate, appear to be more potent than QHS itself. Sodium artesunate acts rapidly in restoring to consciousness comatose patients with cerebral malaria. Thus QHS and its derivatives offer promise as a totally new class of antimalarials.

Quinghaosu (artemisin): an antimalarial drug from china

In vitro cytotoxicity studies of 20 plants used in Nigerian antimalarial ethnomedicine

The comparative studies of different extracts of the leaves of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) Benth and Parkia bicolor A. Chev (Mimosaceae) with respect to their photochemical and antimicrobial properties was carried out. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that both plants had similar constituents namely cardiac glycosides, steroids, tannins and alkaloids. The thin layer chromatography of the hexane and ethanol extracts of both plants were also investigated and two of the components of the ethanol extracts of both plants were found to display similar properties. The antimicrobial screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water extracts of both plant leaves were done using standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger and Candida utilis. The ethyl acetate, ethanol and water extracts exhibited a concentration dependent antibacterial, inhibiting the growth of the gram-positive bacteria used in the study. Extracts of P. bicolor were slightly more active than those of P. biglobosa.

/pdf/phytochemical-and-antibacterial-properties-of-parkia-43k0cusmlk.pdf

Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Parkia biglobosa and Parkia bicolor leaf extracts

http://sci.ui.edu.ng/sites/default/files/Antimicrobial%20and%20cytotoxicity%20evaluation%20of%20Buchholzia%20coriacea%20stem%20bark.pdf

Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea stem bark.

The in vivo animal antimalarial and in vitro cytotoxic activities of the methanol extract of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) was investigated in this study. The in vivo antimalarial activity of the methanol extract against Plasmodium berghei was assessed using the 4-day suppressive test procedure. The extract of A. senegalensis had intrinsic antimalarial property that were dose – dependent. At doses of 100mg/kg weight of mice, it produced significant chemosuppression of parasitemia (> 57%) when administered orally. It had the highest activity at 800mg/kg weight of mice (91.1%) compared to Chloroquine disphosphate, the standard reference drug which had a chemosuppression of 96.2%. The in vitro cytotoxicity evaluations were perfomed using A2780 ovarian cancer cells in the drug sensitivity assay. Extract of A. senegalensis exhibited low cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 28.8μg/ml. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the plant extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides. This finding supports the traditional use of the plant for the treatment of malaria.

https://journals.athmsi.org/index.php/ajtcam/article/download/15/4

In vivo antimalarial and cytotoxic properties of annona senegalensis extract

/pdf/short-communication-in-vivo-antimalarial-and-cytotoxic-59ifdmsvw9.pdf

Edith O. Ajaiyeoba

Papers

In vitro cytotoxicity studies of 20 plants used in Nigerian antimalarial ethnomedicine

Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Parkia biglobosa and Parkia bicolor leaf extracts

Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity evaluation of Buchholzia coriacea stem bark.

In vivo antimalarial and cytotoxic properties of annona senegalensis extract

Short communication - IN VIVO ANTIMALARIAL AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF ANNONA SENEGALENSIS EXTRACT