A display includes an encapsulated display media, a rear electrode, and a movable electrode. The encapsulated display media comprises a plurality of capsules, each capsule comprising a plurality of particles dispersed in a fluid. The display media has a first surface and a second surface. The rear electrode is disposed adjacent the second surface of the display media. The movable electrode and the rear electrode apply an electric field across the display media.

Microencapsulated electrophoretic electrostatically-addressed media for drawing device applications

A full color, reflective display having superior saturation and brightness is achieved with a novel display element comprising multichromatic elements. In one embodiment a capsule includes more than three species of particles which differ visually. One embodiment of the display employs three sub-pixels, each sub-pixel comprising a capsule including three species of particles which differ visually. Another embodiment of the display employs color filters to provide different visual states to the user. The display element presents a visual display in response to the application of an electrical signal to at least one of the capsules.

Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels

An electronic book comprising multiple, electronically addressable, page displays is described. Said page displays may be formed on flexible, thin substrates. Said book may additionnally encompass memory, power, control functions and communications.

Electronic book with multiple page displays

An electrophoretic display element includes a capsule having a first, larger surface and a second, smaller surface. The capsule contains a suspending fluid and at least one particle dispersed within said suspending fluid. Application of a first electrical field causes the particle or particles to migrate towards the first, larger surface of the capsule, causing it to take on the visual appearance of the particles. Application of a second electrical field causes the particle or particles to migrate towards the second, smaller surface, allowing the capsule to take on the visual appearance of the dispersing fluid or of a substrate or electrode positioned behind the display element. Displays may be fabricated from multiple display elements arranged on a substrate.

Shutter mode microencapsulated electrophoretic display

RESURF (Reduced Surface Field) technology is one of the most widely-used methods for the design of lateral high-voltage, low on-resistance devices. The technique has allowed the integration of HV devices, ranging from 20 V to 1200 V, with bipolar and MOS transistors. A technical review is given on the technology as developed during the last 20 years. The paper discusses the invention and its application in discrete devices, in Junction-Isolated IC's and SOI, and as Multiple Resurf. It includes an evaluation of topics like breakdown, on-resistance, high-side and high-current effects and reliability.

A review of RESURF technology

A control circuit for starting and operating a gas discharge lamp comprising a variable frequency waveform generator coupled to the discharge lamp via a non-resonant coupling network that includes a reactance type ballast impedance. The lamp current is monitored to automatically vary the frequency of the variable frequency generator as a function of the lamp current so as to vary the reactance of the ballast impedance in a sense to regulate or limit the lamp current.

Variable frequency current control device for discharge lamps

A variable high-frequency ballast circuit for igniting and operating energy saver discharge lamps includes a high frequency inverter that energizes the lamps with a given high frequency voltage at which reliable lamp ignition is assured. The lamp current is monitored so as to automatically increase the lamp operating frequency to an optimum value as soon as the lamps ignite.

Variable high frequency ballast circuit

An electrophoretic display device is set forth having various electrode schemes in order to modulate transmission of light through the device. The electrophoretic particles of the suspension form an imaging structure relating to an array of small unit cells or pixels which are turned on or off by appropriate electrical signals. Accordingly, the pigment particles totally cover transparent electrodes, which condition can be changed by applying the appropriate electric field to the opposite electrode. By this structure, various alphanumeric displays can be constructed.

Electrode configurations for an electrophoretic display device

A current fed high frequency oscillator-inverter ballast circuit includes a parallel resonant tank circuit for driving a pair of series connected discharge lamps via a series ballast capacitor. A regenerative power supply switches on when a fluctuating main DC supply voltage drops below a given level thereby providing a constant level auxiliary DC supply voltage to the oscillator inverter to maintain oscillation and lamp operation. When the main DC supply voltage exceeds said given level, the regenerative power supply switches out. The oscillation frequency is f 2 during operation of the main supply and automatically switches to a frequency f 1 when the regenerative power supply takes over. The frequency shift is automatic during each half cycle of a 60 Hz AC supply and is in a direction so as to maintain lamp current relatively constant. A novel high frequency leakage transformer may be provided to couple the high frequency inverter to the discharge lamp load to provide both a current limiting (ballast) action and automatic control of the lamp heater current to maintain high efficiency operation.

High-frequency oscillator-inverter ballast circuit for discharge lamps

Two dimensional analysis has been applied to model the lateral DMOST (LDMOST) transistor in the off condition. This approach predicts breakdown voltages beyond the conventional limit. Using this model, a 400 volt lateral transistor was designed, fabricated, and tested. The design values obtained from the numerical modeling, and the experimental results for a >425 volt LDMOST are presented.

Edward H. Stupp

Papers

Variable frequency current control device for discharge lamps

Variable high frequency ballast circuit

Electrode configurations for an electrophoretic display device

High-frequency oscillator-inverter ballast circuit for discharge lamps

Lateral DMOS Power transistor design