다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

A review of central 5-HT receptors and their function

The open field as a paradigm to measure the effects of drugs on anxiety-like behaviors: a review

Previously we have shown that the temperature dependence of the sodium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase) is altered under different neuropathological conditions. In this study we compared temperature dependence of the Na+,K+-ATPase in the fronto-parietal cortex of CCK2 receptor-deficient (homo- and heterozygous) and normal (wild-type) mice. The Arrhenius plot for Na+,K+-ATPase from wild-type brain is non-linear with a breakpoint at 20.3 ± 0.4°C. In case of the brain cell membrane of CCK2 receptor-deficient mice (homo- and heterozygous) the breakpoint on Arrhenius plot was detected at 26.0 ± 1.1°C and 25.4 ± 0.4°C, respectively. The shift of the breakpoint on the Arrhenius plot established in CCK2 receptor-deficiency as well as in case of some other pathological conditions confirms that such kind of alteration in the Na+,K+-ATPase temperature dependence is likely related to the homeostatic adjustment of altered function of the sodium pump.

Temperature dependence of the sodium pump is altered in the cerebral cortex of CCK2 receptor-deficient mice.

Nitric oxide mediates caeruleininduced suppression of locomotor activity

Alterations in the expanded endocannabinoid system (eECS) and cell membrane composition have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We enrolled 54 antipsychotic (AP)-naïve first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 58 controls and applied a targeted metabolomics approach followed by multivariate data analysis to investigate the profile changes in the serum levels of endocannabinoids: 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide, endocannabinoids-like N-acylethanolamines (NAEs: linoleoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamide), and their dominating lipid precursor’s phosphatidylcholines. Biomolecule profiles were measured at the onset of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and 0.6 years and 5.1 years after the initiation of AP treatment. The results indicated that FEP might be characterized by elevated concentrations of NAEs and by decreased 2-AG levels. At this stage of the disease, the NAE-mediated upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) manifested themselves in energy expenditure. A 5-year disease progression and AP treatment adverse effects led to a robust increase in 2-AG levels, which contributed to strengthened cannabinoid (CB1) receptor-mediated effects, which manifested in obesity. Dynamic 2-AG, NAEs, and their precursors in terms of phosphatidylcholines are relevant to the description of the metabolic shifts resulting from the altered eECS function during and after FEP.

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The Expanded Endocannabinoid System Contributes to Metabolic and Body Mass Shifts in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Polymorphisms in melanocortin system and MYG1 genes are associated with vitiligo.

of enkephalins on GABA release, discovered previously on synaptosomes of whole rat brain [4], possibly due to the absence of GABA-ergic nerve endings sensitive to these peptides in the striatum. It is interesting to compare the absence of effect of DTGE on dopamine release in the presence of a higher concentration of the peptide (10 -4 M) with the decrease in cataleptogenic activity of DTGE when its dose is increased above the optimal level [2]. It can be tentatively suggested that DTGE, like neuroleptics, has a cataleptogenic action and modulates dopaminergic transmission in the striatum. Dependence of the effect of DTGE on dopamine liberation on its concentration revealed by these experiments could serve as one explanation for the abnormal dependence of the behavioral effect of this peptide on its dose.

Eero Vasar

Papers

Temperature dependence of the sodium pump is altered in the cerebral cortex of CCK2 receptor-deficient mice.

Nitric oxide mediates caeruleininduced suppression of locomotor activity

The Expanded Endocannabinoid System Contributes to Metabolic and Body Mass Shifts in First-Episode Schizophrenia: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study

Polymorphisms in melanocortin system and MYG1 genes are associated with vitiligo.

Dissimilar effects of methiothepin and pirenperone on behavioral effects of apomorphine