Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 

About: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine is an academic journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal publishes majorly in the area(s): Bone marrow & Medicine. It has an ISSN identifier of 0007-4888. Over the lifetime, 29830 publications have been published receiving 61365 citations. The journal is also known as: Bi͡ulletenʹ ėksperimentalʹnoĭ biologii i medit͡siny & Biu͡lletenʹ ėksperimentalʹnoĭ biologii i medits͡iny.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract: Institute of Biological Medicine, Moscow The formation of the concept of a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is a priority of Russian biological science. A. Ya. Fridenshtein and his colleagues were the first who experimentally proved the existence of MSC. Osteogenic potential of fibroblastlike bone marrow cells of different mammalian species was demonstrated [25,26]. Fibroblast-like bone marrow cells often formed discrete adhesive colonies in vitro [27,28,47]. After heteroand orthotopic transplantation in vivo cloned cells from these colonies formed bone, cartilaginous, fibrous, and adipose tissues [48]. Intensive self-renewal and multipotency of fibroblast-like colony-forming cells from the bone marrow allowed Fridenshtein and Owen to formulate a concept of multipotent mesenchymal precursor cells (MPC) [62]. An ordered chain of finely regulated cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and maturation processes underlies the formation of the majority of cell lineages in adult organisms. The earliest cell elements in this chain are stem cells (SC). Along with extensive self-renewal capacity, SC possess a great differentiation potential. Apart from well studied hemopoietic and intestinal SC, other SC classes were recently discovered in adult organism. Until recently it was considered that SC in adults can give rise to cell lines specific to tissues where these cells are located; however, new facts necessitated revision of this concept. Hemopoietic SC capable of differentiating into all cell elements of the blood, can also be a source of hepatic oval cells [65]; neural SC, precursors of neurons and glia [2,3], serve as the source of early and committed hemopoietic precursors [10]. MSC, a source of bone, cartilaginous, and adipose tissue cells, can differentiate into neural cells [46]. Tissue growth and reparation are associated with migration of uncommitted precursor cells from other tissues. During muscle tissue reparation mesenchymal SC migrate from the bone marrow into skeletal muscles [24]. Hence, in addition to capacity to unlimited division and reproduction of a wide spectrum of descendants of a certain differentiation line, adult SC are characterized by high plasticity. The existence of a rare type of somatic pluripotent SC, common precursors of all SC in an adult organism, is hypothesized [79]. Another important characteristic of SC is their migration from the tissue niche into circulation, which was experimentally proven for hemopoietic and MSC [69,73]. For activation of the differentiation program, circulating SC should get into an appropriate microenvironment [75,78]. A potent stimulus for investigation of SC is the possibility of their clinical use in cell and gene therapy. The bone marrow contains multipotent MSC, which can be easily isolated and cultured in vitro. It is therefore interesting to analyze some fundamental aspects of MSC biology and the possibilities of their clinical use. MSC descendants are involved in the formation of bones, cartilages, tendons, adipose and muscle tissues, and stroma maintaining the hemopoiesis [12,19,51]. The term MPC is used to denote MSC and their committed descendants capable of differentiating into at least two types of mature cells, which are present in the bone marrow and some mesenchymal tissues [16,19,57,82].

Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Abstract: Gut microbiota of patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy volunteers was analyzed by the method of high throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of bacterial genomes. In patients with Parkinson's diseases, changes in the content of 9 genera and 15 species of microorganisms were revealed: reduced content of Dorea, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides massiliensis, Stoquefichus massiliensis, Bacteroides coprocola, Blautia glucerasea, Dorea longicatena, Bacteroides dorei, Bacteroides plebeus, Prevotella copri, Coprococcus eutactus, and Ruminococcus callidus, and increased content of Christensenella, Catabacter, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, Bifidobacterium, Christensenella minuta, Catabacter hongkongensis, Lactobacillus mucosae, Ruminococcus bromii, and Papillibacter cinnamivorans. This microbiological pattern of gut microflora can trigger local inflammation followed by aggregation of α-synuclein and generation of Lewy bodies.

Antitumor and antimetastatic activity of fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the Okhotsk sea Fucus evanescens brown alga

Abstract: Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from Fucus evanescens (brown alga in Okhotsk sea), was studied in C57Bl/6 mice with transplanted Lewis lung adenocarcinoma. Fucoidan after single and repeated administration in a dose of 10 mg/kg produced moderate antitumor and antimetastatic effects and potentiated the antimetastatic, but not antitumor activities of cyclophosphamide. Fucoidan in a dose of 25 mg/kg potentiated the toxic effect of cyclophosphamide.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue: Isolation, Characterization, and Differentiation Potentialities

Abstract: Comparative study of cultured human bone marrow and adipose tissue (lipoaspirate) mesenchymal stem cells was carried out. The main morphological parameters, proliferative activity, expression of surface and intracellular markers of these cells were characterized. Flow cytofluorometry and histological staining showed that both cell types exhibited similar expression of CD105, CD54, CD106, HLA-I markers, were positively stained for vimentin, ASMA, collagen-1, and fibronectin, but not HLA-DR, CD117, and hemopoietic cell markers. The cells underwent differentiation into adipocytes and osteoblasts under appropriate conditions of culturing. Incubation under neuroinductive conditions led to the appearance of a cell population positively stained for type III β-tubulin (neuronal differentiation marker).

Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from different human tissues.

Abstract: We studied mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow, adipose tissue, skin, placenta, and thymus. Morphological study and cytofluorometrical analysis by the main marker genes (CD10, CD13, CD31, CD44, CD90, CD105) were carried out. Mesemchymal stem cells of the studied tissues during isolation and culturing were morphologically similar and did not differ by the expression of the main marker genes.