Recent shortcomings in consumption-oriented stimulus measures in the EU point to demographic trends as a possible explanation of lacklustre growth. The author studies changes in the age composition of CEE countries over time and their effects on household consumption using a force-fitted polynomial model. A strong negative link is found between the proportion of the population aged 65+ and the level of household consumption. The paper’s findings are expected to help augment current macroeconomic analysis techniques used by researchers and public institutions with a demographic component.

/pdf/the-effects-of-ageing-on-household-consumption-in-central-5bwn32zyrv.pdf

The effects of ageing on household consumption in central and eastern europe

In this article the analysis of the result of the research are presented, the objective of which was research of the economic attitudes of working and non-working pensioners. There are 160 people who took part in this research, with an average age of 66.4 years. The main method used was the "Economic Attitudes Questionnaire". Attitudes formed in the economic mind of pensioners influence the choice of socialization strategy. The results of the research allow speaking about various strategies of late economic adaptation: related to the active position in the market (investment, consumption, lending) and the position of money conservation (savings, rational consumption). Keywords—economic attitudes; working activity; older people; pensioners; retirement

/pdf/economic-attitudes-as-the-predictors-of-working-activity-of-4oftjzdcg7.pdf

Economic Attitudes as the Predictors of Working Activity of Older People

The aging society faced by many countries, can have a significant impact on employment, savings, consumption, economic growth, and fiscal balance. It is promising to consider the problems of an aging society through the prism of the effective economic socialization of the older generation, which allows ones to extend the working capacity, health and well-being of pensioners. Late economic socialization is understood as a process and result of a person's re-interpretation of the economic reality, acknowledged by changes in economic mind and behavior at the retirement as a new social status (Chestyunina & Zabelina, 2019). Factors that affect the effectiveness of the late economic socialization have not been sufficiently studied. This study seeks to fill this gap by the qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with pensioners living in different parts of the country (in the capital and in the industrial city). 12 respondents were interviewed in Moscow and 9 respondents in Chelyabinsk. Thematic analysis was used to systematize and analyze data. Despite the difference in living standards in the capital and the region, most pensioners in both groups are satisfied with their income level. An analysis of the distribution of daily financial spending and savings goals suggests that pensioners in the capital have a wider range of life needs and opportunities than in the region. Similarities in purchasing behavior among pensioners in the center of the country and on the periphery, as well as a relatively low level of consumer activity were found. A different attitude to loans was recorded among the respondents in different parts of the country. If in the region almost 100% of the respondents view loans sharply negatively, then in Moscow there are only half of such pensioners, the rest perceive the loan as normal fact and support it as an opportunity to purchase expensive goods. Plans for the future of Moscow pensioners are more diverse and include ambitious economic goals: to get an apartment in turn, to exchange an apartment, to close a mortgage. Only a small part of the respondents in Chelyabinsk (22%) set economic goals in the future, and they are associated with the continuation of employment. In addition, some of the opinions about the future in this group are very pessimistic. Pensioners in Moscow put money at a lower place in the value system than respondents in the region, which indicates a greater satisfaction with the material needs of pensioners in the capital. Representations about an ideal life in retirement are concentrated on issues of financial independence among Moscow respondents. For the pensioners in the region, besides wealth, health and a sense of stability play an important role. The criteria for an economically successful person are more blurred and uncertain in the group of the pensioners in the capital. The results indicate a regional specificity of the late economic socialization. The prospects for investigating the identified differences in the quantitative study are discussed.

Late Economic Socialization: Regional Dimension

"Entrepreneurs, as the most active social group sensitive to public mood, perhaps feel the changes in the time of life in a digital society (time pressure illusion) most of all. On the other hand, the very internal temporal organization of a person involved in entrepreneurial activity can determine the characteristics of his or her mind and behavior in the economic sphere. The aim of the study is to reveal the impact of the psychological time of the representatives of small businesses on their economic minds. The study involves 109 representatives of small businesses in various fields (wholesale and retail trade, education, tourism, consulting, production, etc.), registered in the Chelyabinsk region and operating in the Russian Federation (mean age 34.9, 42% male). The respondents completed electronic forms of Inventory of Time Value as an Economic Resource (Usunier), Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Attitudes towards Time (Nuttin), and Inventory of Polychronic Values (Bluedorn). To diagnose the features of the economic mind of entrepreneurs, the Economic Attitudes Questionnaire (Deyneka & Zabelina, 2018) was used. Regression analysis showed that certain components of psychological time (positive attitude to the past, present and future, the value of time as an economic resource) determine the formation of constructive economic attitudes of small business owners, namely the value of independent economic achievements, willingness to invest, unwillingness to sacrifice vocation and health for money, financial optimism. Thus, the lack of fixation on past failures, a positive attitude towards the present and the future, the ability to transfer time into money create a psychological foundation for the formation of entrepreneurs' attitudes in economic life. The results can be used in the consulting of the future entrepreneurs."

/pdf/psychological-time-and-economic-mind-of-entrepreneurs-314k0sn36h.pdf

Ekaterina V. Vedeneeva

Papers

Economic Attitudes as the Predictors of Working Activity of Older People

Late Economic Socialization: Regional Dimension

Psychological time and economic mind of entrepreneurs. evidence from small business of russian industrial region