The enrichment of the biosphere with reactive nitrogen from anthropogenic origin, in combination with increased consumption of vegetables and (preserved) animal products, has led to increased intake by humans of nitrite and nitrate. Nitrate and nitrate-forming salts are among the key components of fertilizers and the increased dependency of farming practices on such fertilizers over several decades has led to increasing levels of human exposure. This arises from consumption of crops and from nitrate-contaminated drinking water due to agricultural land runoff. For years, people have viewed dietary sources of nitrate as harmful to humans causing methemoglobinemia and cancers. However, methemoglobinemia is rare and evidence suggests a relation with infective enteritis rather than with nitrate alone. Also, epidemiological evidence for an association between cancers of the digestive tract and nitrate intake is inconclusive in terms of increased risks of cancer although the International Agency for Research on Cancer concluded “ingested nitrite or nitrate under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A)”. The discovery of the nitric oxide pathway in the early 1980s revealed that nitrate is produced endogenously in the body changing our perception of nitrate safety. Recently benefits of dietary sources of nitrate for cardiovascular health and protection against infections have been unveiled, calling for an assessment of the risk and benefits associated with nitrate in our food and water supply. The scope of this article is to review the current state of the science on nitrate in human health and disease.

Role of Nitrate in Human Health

河床上的沉没植被的存在能改变水流动结构并且改变沉积运动的状态。在这研究，沉积的早期的运动在一个实验室实验面对在开的隧道的沉没灵活植被被调查。植被与柱体在平行数组安排了的灵活橡胶被模仿。植被密度，水深度，和早期的运动上的沉积谷物尺寸的效果被调查。试验性的结果显示沉积的早期的运动速度作为植被密度减少和水深度和沉积谷物尺寸增加增加。与灵活植物，沉积的早期的运动速度比它没有植被的低，并且比它与僵硬植被的大。一个一般早期的运动速度方程被导出，它能被用于灵活、僵硬的植被条件。

Incipient motion of sediment in presence of submerged flexible vegetation

Combining Radial Basis Function Neural Network Models and Inclusive Multiple Models for Predicting Suspended Sediment Loads

An inclusive multiple model for predicting total sediment transport rate in the presence of coastal vegetation cover based on optimized kernel extreme learning models

The increase in population and the growth of agricultural activities, and consequently the increase in demand for safe water, has made the use of unconventional water to solve the problems of water...

Nitrate removal from agricultural effluent using sugarcane bagasse active nanosorbent

Effects of different forest cover configurations on reducing the solitary wave-induced total sediment transport in coastal areas: An experimental study

Water resources polluted with nitrate are a significant environmental problem around the world that provide a serious threat to human health. In addition, the phenomenon of Eutrophication is improved by large amounts of nitrate in water sources. Consequently, it has been extremely significant to remove and reduce it in wastewater and water resources to less than the determined standard. Currently, it is possible to apply various physical and chemical methods to eliminate nitrate from various municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastewaters. We compared the methods of removing the nitrate from water in this research and ultimately, discussed the surface absorption method as a method with high adsorption efficiency using low-cost adsorbents of plant wastes. We also generally examined parameters that are effective on the production of the best adsorbent in terms of adsorption power. Furthermore, we have examined the influences of variables such as pH, contact time, microwave power, and initial adsorbent concentration as effective parameters on the action and reaction between the adsorbent and the pollutant on nitrate absorption.

Elham Ghanbari-Adivi

Papers

Combining Radial Basis Function Neural Network Models and Inclusive Multiple Models for Predicting Suspended Sediment Loads

Effects of different forest cover configurations on reducing the solitary wave-induced total sediment transport in coastal areas: An experimental study

An inclusive multiple model for predicting total sediment transport rate in the presence of coastal vegetation cover based on optimized kernel extreme learning models

Nitrate removal from agricultural effluent using sugarcane bagasse active nanosorbent

Examining nitrate surface absorption method from polluted water using activated carbon of agricultural wastes