https://www.surfacesciencewestern.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/ass11_biesinger.pdf

Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Sc, Ti, V, Cu and Zn

When considering new sensory technologies one should look to nature for guidance. Indeed, living organisms have developed the ultimate chemical sensors. Many insects can detect chemical signals with perfect specificity and incredible sensitivity. Mammalian olfaction is based on an array of less discriminating sensors and a memorized response pattern to identify a unique odor. It is important to recognize that the extraordinary sensory performance of biological systems does not originate from a single element. In actuality, their performance is derived from a completely interactive system wherein the receptor is served by analyte delivery and removal mechanisms, selectivity is derived from receptors, and sensitivity is the result of analyte-triggered biochemical cascades. Clearly, optimal artificial sensory sys-

Conjugated polymer-based chemical sensors.

Modification of the surface chemistry of activated carbons

Recent advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology radically changed the way we diagnose, treat, and prevent various diseases in all aspects of human life. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most vital and fascinating nanomaterials among several metallic nanoparticles that are involved in biomedical applications. AgNPs play an important role in nanoscience and nanotechnology, particularly in nanomedicine. Although several noble metals have been used for various purposes, AgNPs have been focused on potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we discuss the synthesis of AgNPs using physical, chemical, and biological methods. We also discuss the properties of AgNPs and methods for their characterization. More importantly, we extensively discuss the multifunctional bio-applications of AgNPs; for example, as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer agents, and the mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of AgNPs. In addition, we discuss therapeutic approaches and challenges for cancer therapy using AgNPs. Finally, we conclude by discussing the future perspective of AgNPs.

/pdf/silver-nanoparticles-synthesis-characterization-properties-1gs52z8tm7.pdf

Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties, Applications, and Therapeutic Approaches

Over 7,000 peer reviewed articles have been published on electrochemical glucose assays and sensors over recent years. Their number makes a full review of the literature, or even of the most recent advances, impossible. Nevertheless, this chapter should acquaint the reader with the fundamentals of the electrochemistry of glucose and provide a perspective of the evolution of the electrochemical glucose assays and monitors helping diabetic people, who constitute about 5 % of the world’s population. Because of the large number of diabetic people, no assay is performed more frequently than that of glucose. Most of these assays are electrochemical. The reader interested also in nonelectrochemical assays used in, or proposed for, the management of diabetes is referred to a 2007 excellent review of Kondepati and Heise [1].

Electrochemical glucose sensors and their applications in diabetes management.

Careful curve fitting is needed when using XPS to investigate oxidized functional groups on carbon-fibre surfaces. This is important because the core regions often contain a number of overlapping features some of which are of low intensity, and the C 1s region is influenced by an asymmetric graphitic feature. The fitting approach used requires that the same content of oxygenated species must be obtained from both the C 1s and O 1s regions. The approach is used to analyse untreated fibres before and after cleaning.

XPS determination of oxygen‐containing functional groups on carbon‐fibre surfaces and the cleaning of these surfaces

A series of pure and mixed chromium standards has been analysed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in order to obtain a sufficiently homogeneous and self-consistent set of spectral parameters to be used in the resolution of complex spectra. Additional information was obtained about the stability of the various species under Ar ion bombardment. The results relevant to potassium chromate and dichromate, chromous acid, chromium (III) oxide, hydroxide and nitrate are described and compared critically with those in the published literature.

An x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of some chromium–oxygen systems

The electrocatalytic oxidation of aliphatic alcohols in alkaline solutions at a nickel-based chemically modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni-CME) was investigated. The electrode was characterized by voltammetry and flow injection and applied for amperometric detection of mono- and polyhydric alcohols separated by liquid chromatography. A mechanistic electrooxidation model is proposed that involves a Langmuir-type adsorption process on different sites: NiO and NiOOH for polyhydric and monohydridic compounds, respectively. The process is followed by a hydrogen abstraction from the carbon α to the OH group through a radical pathway in the rate-determining step

Electrocatalytic oxidation and liquid chromatographic detection of aliphatic alcohols at a nickel-based glassy carbon modified electrode

The characterization of chemically modified sensors and biosensors is commonly performed by cyclic voltammetry and electron microscopies, which allow verifying electrode mechanisms and surface morphologies. Among other techniques, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) plays a unique role in giving access to qualitative, quantitative/semi-quantitative and speciation information concerning the sensor surface. Nevertheless, XPS remains rather underused in this field. The aim of this paper is to review selected articles which evidence the useful performances of XPS in characterizing the top surface layers of chemically modified sensors and biosensors. A concise introduction to X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy gives to the reader the essential background. The application of XPS for characterizing sensors suitable for food and environmental analysis

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/3/2/70/pdf

Elio Desimoni

Papers

XPS determination of oxygen‐containing functional groups on carbon‐fibre surfaces and the cleaning of these surfaces

An x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of some chromium–oxygen systems

Electrocatalytic oxidation and liquid chromatographic detection of aliphatic alcohols at a nickel-based glassy carbon modified electrode

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Characterization of Chemically Modified Electrodes Used as Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Review

XPS/XAES study of carbon fibres during thermal annealing under UHV conditions