Recent progress in the synthesis of graphene and derived materials for next generation electrodes of high performance lithium ion batteries

Radical reactions of fullerenes: from synthetic organic chemistry to materials science and biology.

Well-dispersed and long-term stable carbon nanotubes/polyol dispersions were prepared by a mechanochemical approach with the aid of dispersing agent. Polyurethane (PU)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites were prepared by further in situ polymerization. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) can be dispersed individually. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra suggested that the addition of carbon nanotubes improved the degree of phase separation of polyurethane. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) suggested that glass transition temperature (T g ) of polyurethane decreased with increasing carbon nanotube content slightly. Tensile test suggested that MWNT is more helpful to improve the modulus than single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), which is more favourable to improve the elongation of polyurethane. The different reinforcing effects of MWNT and SWNT on PU were correlated to the shearing thinning exponent and the shape factor of carbon nanotubes in polyol dispersion. Raman shift of SWNTs can reflect the dispersion state of SWNT in polyol or in PU, and the interaction between polymer and SWNT. Both SWNT and MWNT can improve the thermal stability of polyurethane and thermal conductivity.

Preparation and characterization of polyurethane-carbon nanotube composites

Graphene is a new and exciting material that has attracted much attention in the last decade and is being extensively explored because of its properties, which have been described with so many superlatives. Production of graphene for large scale application is still a major challenge. Top-down graphene exfoliation methods from graphite, such as liquid-phase exfoliation which is promising because of low cost and high scalability potential will be briefly discussed. We also analyze the challenges and possibilities of using graphene as a nanofiller in polymer composites which has resulted in enhanced electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. In this review, we take a panoramic approach to give insight on the different aspects of graphene such as properties, graphite-based production methods and also examples of graphene application in polymer composites and which will be beneficial to both novice and experts.

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General overview of graphene: Production, properties and application in polymer composites

Gel-nanocomposites are rapidly emerging functional advanced materials having widespread applications in materials and biological sciences. Herein, we review syntheses, properties, and applications of various gel-nanocomposites assembled from different metal-based nanoparticles or nanocarbons [fullerene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphenes] with tailor-made supramolecular (small molecular) or polymeric physical organogels and hydrogels. Dynamic supramolecular self-assembly of gelators prove to be excellent hosts for the incorporation of these dimensionally different nanomaterials. Thus, gel-nanocomposites doped with preformed/in situ synthesized nanoparticles show magnetic or near-infrared-responsive, catalytic or antibacterial properties. Fullerene-based gel-nanocomposites show applications in organic solar cells. Gel-nanocomposites based on CNTs and graphenes and their functionalized (covalent/noncovalent) analogues find interesting properties including electrical conductivity, viscoelasticity, therma...

Soft-Nanocomposites of Nanoparticles and Nanocarbons with Supramolecular and Polymer Gels and Their Applications.

The results of studies, mainly published in recent years, on modification of carbon nanotubes and design of composites with these nanotubes for the manufacture of new-generation materials are generalized and analyzed. The methods of modification of the nanotubes by low- and high-molecular compounds and methods of polymer modification by carbon nanotubes are considered. Data on the properties of modified nanotubes are presented. The current and potential applications of materials based on the nanotubes are indicated.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1070/RC2010v079n11ABEH004114/pdf

Modification of carbon nanotubes and synthesis of polymeric composites involving the nanotubes

The results of studying the wide range of properties of polymeric nanocomposites containing small doses of non-covalently bonded fullerene C60 which are of interest for modern technologies are presented. The character of bonds between components of the composites and the possible reasons for improvement of the properties of the nanocomposites in comparison with pure polymers are considered.

Polymeric nanocomposites containing non-covalently bonded fullerene C60: properties and applications

We present detailed characterization of graphene-like material obtained through microwave stimulated exfoliation of graphite oxide (GO) Properties of this material were studied by multiple techniques including, among others, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mass-spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and broadband dielectric spectroscopy Specific surface area and volume of microwave exfoliated graphite oxide reached 600 m2 g−1 and 6 cm3 g−1, respectively It is shown that during such an explosive reduction process the sample emits CO2, CO and H2O and, in some cases, SO2 gases The resulting reduced material exhibits IR spectra similar to that of graphite and a dc-conductivity of 012 S cm−1

Carbon nanomaterial produced by microwave exfoliation of graphite oxide: new insights

The review reports on methods for the formation of polyurethane nanocomposites containing fullerene C60, carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene-like structures, and nanodiamonds which show advanced performance as compared with the parent polymers. Properties and possible fields of application of the nanocomposites are described. Special attention is paid to research of relationships between structural changes in a polymer matrix under the influence of nanomodifier and composite properties.

Nanocomposites based on polyurethanes and carbon nanoparticles: preparation, properties and application

The results of studying the characteristics of various polymers that possess different structures and are used for various applications after their modification by minor amounts of fullerene C60 are summarized. The character of bonds that arise in fullerene-doped polymer compositions is considered. Mechanical, physicochemical, and physical characteristics of fullerene-containing polymers that show promise for modern technologies are described. The reasons for improving the performance of fullerene-containing polymers are analyzed.

Elmira R. Badamshina

Papers

Modification of carbon nanotubes and synthesis of polymeric composites involving the nanotubes

Polymeric nanocomposites containing non-covalently bonded fullerene C60: properties and applications

Carbon nanomaterial produced by microwave exfoliation of graphite oxide: new insights

Nanocomposites based on polyurethanes and carbon nanoparticles: preparation, properties and application

Characteristics of fullerene C60-doped polymers