The intrinsic nanofibrillar morphology of polyaniline

This paper summarizes and reviews the various synthesizing approaches of one-dimensional nano-structured polyaniline (PANI) and several potential applications of the nanomaterial. The synthesizing approaches can be generally categorized into template synthesis and non-template synthesis according to whether template(s), hard (physical template) or soft (chemical template), is (are) used or not. However, though the various approaches established, preparation of one-dimensional nano-structured PANI with controllable morphologies and sizes, especially well oriented arrays on a large scale is still a major challenge. Furthermore, the formation mechanisms of the nanostructures are still unclear. On the other hand, one-dimensional nano-structured PANI exhibits high surface area, high conductivity, as well as controllable chemical/physical properties and good environmental stability, rendering the nanomaterial promising candidate for application ranging from sensors, energy storage and flash welding to digital nonvolatile memory.

Synthesis and applications of one-dimensional nano-structured polyaniline: An overview

The impact-induced deposition of Al13 clusters with icosahedral structure on Ni(0 0 1) surface was studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation using Finnis–Sinclair potentials. The incident kinetic energy (Ein) ranged from 0.01 to 30 eV per atom. The structural and dynamical properties of Al clusters on Ni surfaces were found to be strongly dependent on the impact energy. At much lower energy, the Al cluster deposited on the surface as a bulk molecule. However, the original icosahedral structure was transformed to the fcc-like one due to the interaction and the structure mismatch between the Al cluster and Ni surface. With increasing the impinging energy, the cluster was deformed severely when it contacted the substrate, and then broken up due to dense collision cascade. The cluster atoms spread on the surface at last. When the impact energy was higher than 11 eV, the defects, such as Al substitutions and Ni ejections, were observed. The simulation indicated that there exists an optimum energy range, which is suitable for Al epitaxial growth in layer by layer. In addition, at higher impinging energy, the atomic exchange between Al and Ni atoms will be favourable to surface alloying.

Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section B : beam interactions with materials and atoms

https://arpi.unipi.it/bitstream/11568/214337/1/ChielliniF_REVISED.pdf

Perspectives on alternatives to phthalate plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) in medical devices applications

A comprehensive review on the synthesis of PANI nanocomposites and their applications as gas sensors and biosensors has been presented. The multi-functionality of PANI nanocomposites have been extensively exploited in diverse applications with impressive results. The synergistic effects between the constituents have made these materials particularly attractive as sensing elements for gases and biological agents. Not only do PANI nanocomposites allow room temperature sensing of a large number of combustible or toxic gases and pollutants with high selectivity and sensitivity, they also enable immobilization of bioreceptors such as enzymes, antigen–antibodies, and nucleic acids onto their surfaces for detection of an array of biological agents through a combination of biochemical and electrochemical reactions. Efforts are on towards understanding the working mechanism of PANI nanocomposites which will increase their potential fields of applications.

Elmo S. Araujo

Papers

Gamma irradiation effects on poly(hydroxybutyrate)

Synthesis and morphological characterization of PMMA/polyaniline nanofiber composites

Effects of gamma-irradiation on some properties of durolon polycarbonate

Polyaniline/poly acid acrylic thin film composites: a new gamma radiation detector

The stress cracking behaviour of poly(methyl methacrylate) after exposure to gamma radiation