to many, however, it constantly appears as an instructional problem. The final two chapters serve as excellent summary statements. Chapter 13 emphasizes the application of previous text material to the classroom situation. Of great significance is the author's discussion of commonly defined independent, dependent, and moderator variables. The final chapter focuses on evaluation in the overall sense, particularly as it relates to programs of study. The principles of measurement and research design are applied to the evaluation process through several ex-

Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application:

We propose a theoretically and practically improved density-based, hierarchical clustering method, providing a clustering hierarchy from which a simplified tree of significant clusters can be constructed. For obtaining a “flat” partition consisting of only the most significant clusters (possibly corresponding to different density thresholds), we propose a novel cluster stability measure, formalize the problem of maximizing the overall stability of selected clusters, and formulate an algorithm that computes an optimal solution to this problem. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms the current, state-of-the-art, density-based clustering methods on a wide variety of real world data.

Density-based clustering based on hierarchical density estimates

HealthFog: An ensemble deep learning based Smart Healthcare System for Automatic Diagnosis of Heart Diseases in integrated IoT and fog computing environments

Even after 16 years of existence, low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is still gaining the attention of the research community working in the area of wireless sensor network (WSN). This itself shows the importance of this protocol. Researchers have come up with various and diverse modifications of the LEACH protocol. Successors of LEACH protocol are now available from single hop to multi-hop scenarios. Extensive work has already been done related to LEACH and it is a good idea for a new research in the field of WSN to go through LEACH and its variants over the years. This paper surveys the variants of LEACH routing protocols proposed so far and discusses the enhancement and working of them. This survey classifies all the protocols in two sections, namely, single hop communication and multi-hop communication based on data transmission from the cluster head to the base station. A comparitive analysis using nine different parameters, such as energy efficiency, overhead, scalability complexity, and so on, has been provided in a chronological fashion. The article also discusses the strong and the weak points of each and every variants of LEACH. Finally the paper concludes with suggestions on future research domains in the area of WSN.

A Survey on Successors of LEACH Protocol

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Service Oriented Architecture Concepts Technology And Design

Mobility-aware task scheduling in cloud-Fog IoT-based healthcare architectures

Developing effective security solutions for wireless sensor networks (WSN) are not easy due to limited resources of WSNs and the hazardous nature of wireless medium. The implementation of encryption/decryption algorithms which are the most essential part of the secure communication can be very intricate in WSNs since they incorporate routines that having very complex and intense computing procedures. A secure clustering protocol that achieves the desired security goals while keeping an acceptable level of energy consumption is a challenging problem in wireless sensor network. LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol is a basic clustering-based routing protocol for WSNs. S-LEACH is the first modified version of LEACH with cryptographic protection against outsider attacks. This paper proposes MS-LEACH to enhance the security of S-LEACH by providing data confidentiality and node to cluster head (CH) authentication using pairwise keys shared between CHs and their cluster members. The security analysis of proposed MS-LEACH shows that it has efficient security properties and achieves all WSN security goals compared to the existing secured solutions of LEACH protocol. A simulation based performance evaluation of MS-LEACH demonstrates the effectiveness of proposed MS-LEACH protocol and shows that the protocol achieves the desired security goals and outperforms other protocols in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, network throughput and normalized routing load.

Enhancing S-LEACH security for wireless sensor networks

Cloud-Fog computing architectures are new paradigms designed to add advantages to the existing architectures for Internet of Things (IoT). This paper proposes an inter-operable cloud-fog based IoT architecture for healthcare. It describes its architecture, environmental context, and user context. The proposed architecture supports the mobility of the patients as well as the diversity of the medical cases. The features of the individual modules are discussed and the interconnection between the different underlying modules and tiers is explained. Task scheduling and allocation approach is proposed to effectively balance healthcare tasks distribution. The performance evaluation of the proposed approach is presented with different number of tasks and cloud nodes. The simulation results show acceptable results in terms of miss ratio, cost, and latency.

A Cloud-Fog Based Architecture for IoT Applications Dedicated to Healthcare

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology one of the most promising technologies in the field of ubiquitous computing. Indeed, RFID technology may well replace barcode technology. Although it offers many advantages over other identification systems, there are also associated security risks that are not easy to be addressed. When designing a real lightweight authentication protocol for low cost RFID tags, a number of challenges arise due to the extremely limited computational, storage and communication abilities of Low-cost RFID tags. This paper proposes a real mutual authentication protocol for low cost RFID tags. The proposed protocol prevents passive attacks as active attacks are discounted when designing a protocol to meet the requirements of low cost RFID tags. However the implementation of the protocol meets the limited abilities of low cost RFID tags.

Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for Low Cost RFID Tags

Most of the MAC protocols proposed for the wireless sensor networks (WSN) assume sensor nodes to be static and therefore they usually fail or provide very bad network performance in mobile sensor networks. Since WSN mobile applications have become popular nowadays, there is a need for MAC protocols that consider mobility. In this paper, we propose a mobility-aware MAC protocol for WSN that can work with satisfactory performance in both stationary and mobile sensor networks. Furthermore, most of the WSN mobile applications are considered critical ones (e.g. a patient assistance system which monitors patients' health via wearable bio-sensors). Such applications require very quick responses. So, in addition to handling mobility, the proposed MAC protocol considers the problem of latency as well. In summary, this paper proposes a WSN MAC protocol (MD-SMAC) that is considered to be mobility-aware, delay-sensitive and provides satisfactory level of energy efficiency. In addition, we study the performance of the proposed MD-SMAC protocol by simulating it using the NS-2 simulator and comparing it to other WSN MAC protocols. The results show that the MD-SMAC protocol outperforms other existing WSN MAC protocols in terms of mobility-handling, delay-reduction, and energy-efficiency in scenarios involving mobile sensors.

Eman Shaaban

Papers

Mobility-aware task scheduling in cloud-Fog IoT-based healthcare architectures

Enhancing S-LEACH security for wireless sensor networks

A Cloud-Fog Based Architecture for IoT Applications Dedicated to Healthcare

Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for Low Cost RFID Tags

Mobility-aware MAC protocol for delay-sensitive wireless sensor networks