A lead-free solder alloy suitable for use in flow soldering of electronic components to printed wiring boards comprises 0.1-3 wt % of Cu, 0.001-0.1 wt % of P, optionally 0.001-0.1 wt % of Ge, and a balance of Sn. The solder alloy may further contain at least one element of Ag and Sb in a total amount of at most 4 wt %, and/or at least one element of Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Mo in a total amount of at most 0.5 wt % in order to strengthen the alloy, and/or at least one element of Bi, In, and Zn in a total amount of at most 5 wt % in order to lower the melting point of the alloy.

Lead-free solder alloy

Articles, such as tubing, which have excellent corrosion resistance to steam at elevated temperatures and to hydriding, are produced from zirconium alloys containing 0.5 to 2.0 percent niobium, up to 1.5 percent tin, and up to 0.25 percent of a third alloying element such as iron, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, copper, nickel and tungsten. The articles are formed by beta-treating the alloy, initially deforming the same at a temperature below 650° C. and further deforming the same through cold working stages also below 650° C., annealing the material between the cold working stages at a temperature between 500°-650° C., and final annealing the same at a temperature below 650° C. to provide articles having a microstructure of fine precipitates of less than about 800 Å, homogeneously dispersed throughout the zirconium.

Process for fabricating a zirconium-niobium alloy and articles resulting therefrom

It is intended to provide a novel dry powder inhalation system for transpulmonary administration which is suitable for transpulmonary administration. This novel dry powder inhalation system for transpulmonary administration comprises : (1) a container having a freeze-dried composition for transpulmonary administration which is prepared by freeze-drying a liquid composition containing a component in an undissolved state and has the following properties (i) to (iii): (i) being in the form of a non-powdery cake; (ii) having a disintegration index of 0.05 or more; and (iii) upon an air impact of an air speed of at least 1 m/sec and an air flow rate of at least 17 ml/sec, being disintegrated into fine particles having an average particle diameter (an aerodynamic particle diameter) of 10 µm or less or an effective particle rate of 10% or more; combined with (2) a means of applying the above-described air impact to the freeze-dried composition in the above-described container, and a means of discharging the powdery freeze-dried composition having been disintegrated into fine particles.

Dry powder inhalation system for transpulmonary administration

There are provided a graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus and a graphene roll-to-roll coating method on the basis of a continuous process.

Graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus and graphene roll-to-roll coating method using the same

Lead-free solder compositions consisting of at least 75.0 weight percent Sn, between 0.01 and 9.5 weight percent Cu, between about 0.1 and 10.0 weight percent In, and optionally including one or more of the following elements: Zn in an amount of not greater than 9.0 weight percent, Se or Te in an amount of not greater than 5.0 weight percent, Ga in an amount of not greater than 5.0 weight percent, Sb in an amount of not greater than 1.0 weight percent, Al in an amount of not greater than 1.0 weight percent. Lead-free solder compositions consisting of at least 75.0 weight percent Sn, between 0.5 and 6.5 weight percent Ag, between 0.5 and 8.0 weight percent Bi, and optionally including one or more of the following elements: between 0.1 and 10.0 weight percent In, Se or Te in an amount of not greater than 5.0 weight percent, Ga in an amount of not greater than 5.0 weight percent. Lead-free solder compositions consisting of at least 75.0 weight percent Sn, between 0.1 and 0.8 weight percent Ag, between 0.1 and 10.0 weight percent In, and optionally including one or more of the following elements: Zn in an amount of not greater than 9.0 weight percent, Se or Te in an amount of not greater than 1.0 weight percent, Ga in an amount of not greater than 1.0 weight percent, Sb in an amount of not greater than 1.0 weight percent, Al in an amount of not greater than 1.0 weight percent.

High strength lead-free solder materials

PURPOSE:To obtain the titled Zr alloy having excellent corrosion resistance, particularly nodular corrosion resistant-characteristics by specifying the compsn. consisting of Nb, Si, Ge and Zr. CONSTITUTION:The titled Zr alloy consists of, by weight, 0.1-2.5% Nb, at least one kind between 0.01-3% Si and Ge, furthermore consists of <=5% Ni, <=5% Fe, <=1.5% Sn, <=1% Cr and the balance consisting substantially of Zr. Said alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, particularly nodular corrosion resistant-characteristics. The above-mentioned alloy has improved corrosion resistance by finely and uniformly depositing and dispersing the intermetallic compounds between beta stabilizing elements such as Nb and Zr.

Corrosion-resistant zirconium alloy

PURPOSE: To provide a solder alloy formulated to satisfy the conditions regarded to be necessary at the time of, for example, soldering, without using lead which adversely affects environment, etc. CONSTITUTION: This solder allay contains 3 to 12wt.% zinc and consisting of the balance substantially tin and the content of oxygen therein is ≤100ppm. This solder alloy otherwise contains 3 to 12wt.% zinc and ≤3wt.% at least one kind selected from antimony, indium, gold, silver and copper and consists of the balance substantially tin and the content of oxygen is specified to ≤100ppm. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO

Solder alloy and soldering method using the same

PURPOSE:A nuclear fuel element to be subjected to prevent from hydrogen brittleness of a cladding tube, by means of setting up a getter capable of occluding detrimental gases such as water, hydrogen etc existing within the insides of fuels filled in the cladding tube with good efficiency

Nuclear fuel element

PURPOSE: To efficiently deposit high-purity Ti on Ti foil by controlling the temp. of the Ti foil to an appropriate temp. when TiI 4 formed by the reaction of sponge Ti with I 2 is brought into contact with the induction-heated Ti foil to deposit high-purity Ti on the Ti foil. CONSTITUTION: An extremely high-purity Ti target is required, when the circuit wiring by high-purity Ti is formed by sputtering on a large-scale integrated circuit. In the production of the target, a Ti sheet 15 is hung in a reaction vessel 11 having sponge Ti 18 and I 2 19, and a high-frequency coil 14 is provided around the sheet. The Ti sheet 15 is heated at 1,100W1,500°C by the coil 14 through which a high-frequency current from an electric power source 13 is passed, the vessel 11 is put in a thermostatic bath 12 to allow the Ti 18 to react with the I 2 19 to form TiI 4 , the TiI 4 is brought into contact with the high-temp. Ti sheet 15 and decomposed, and high-purity Ti is deposited on the Ti sheet 15. In this case, the temp. of the Ti sheet 15 is measured by IR radiation thermometer 16 and compared with the set standard temp. by a controller 17, the output of the power source 13 is adjusted by the deviation value to control the temp. of the Ti sheet 15 to an appropriate value, and the high- purity Ti is stably deposited. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Production of high-purity metallic body

PURPOSE:To obtain a fuel cladding pipe for a nuclear reactor with improved corrosion resistance to nodular corrosion, etc. by hot extruding and cold rolling a hollow billet formed with a Zr alloy to manufacture a pipe and by annealing the pipe at the recrystallization temp. or below. CONSTITUTION:A Zr alloy is cast, forged, and cut to form a hollow billet. The billet is hot extruded and cold drawn to manufacture a pipe. By annealing the pipe at the recrystallization temp. of the Zr alloy or below, the working strain is relieved. By this method a fuel cladding pipe for a nuclear reactor having superior corrosion resistance and reducing especially the occurrence of nodular corrosion is obtd. without deteriorating the ductility.

Emiko Higashinakagaha

Papers

Corrosion-resistant zirconium alloy

Solder alloy and soldering method using the same

Nuclear fuel element

Production of high-purity metallic body

Manufacture of fuel cladding pipe for nuclear reactor