A synthesizing process for diamond by the chemical vapor phase growth method, characterized by converting an organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and at least one of oxygen and nitrogen, to a gas phase, mixing the gas with hydrogen gas, decomposing the mixed gas by an energy of heat, electron beam, light, direct current glow discharge, alternating current glow discharge, or direct current arc discharge, and introducing the decomposed gas to the surface of a heated substrate (5) to deposit diamond on the surface of the substrate.

Process for synthesis of diamond by CVD

It is intended to provide a novel dry powder inhalation system for transpulmonary administration which is suitable for transpulmonary administration. This novel dry powder inhalation system for transpulmonary administration comprises : (1) a container having a freeze-dried composition for transpulmonary administration which is prepared by freeze-drying a liquid composition containing a component in an undissolved state and has the following properties (i) to (iii): (i) being in the form of a non-powdery cake; (ii) having a disintegration index of 0.05 or more; and (iii) upon an air impact of an air speed of at least 1 m/sec and an air flow rate of at least 17 ml/sec, being disintegrated into fine particles having an average particle diameter (an aerodynamic particle diameter) of 10 µm or less or an effective particle rate of 10% or more; combined with (2) a means of applying the above-described air impact to the freeze-dried composition in the above-described container, and a means of discharging the powdery freeze-dried composition having been disintegrated into fine particles.

Dry powder inhalation system for transpulmonary administration

There are provided a graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus and a graphene roll-to-roll coating method on the basis of a continuous process.

Graphene roll-to-roll coating apparatus and graphene roll-to-roll coating method using the same

A method of depositing a diamondlike carbon coating on a substrate. An ionized beam of pure methane or methane and hydrogen, and having an ion kinetic energy in the range of 500-1,000 eV is impinged on a substrate to deposit, thereon, a diamondlike carbon coating. Various substrates can be utilized, and various cleaning procedures are developed for use with the particular substrates to improve the adhesion of the diamondlike carbon coatings. The methane-hydrogen ratio and the operating pressure of the ionized gas can each be varied to vary the carbon-hydrogen ratio of the resulting diamondlike coating to thereby alter the characteristics of the coating.

Method for forming diamondlike carbon coating

It has been found that modifying standard Zircaloy alloy processing techniques by limiting the working and annealing temperatures utilized after conventional beta treatment results in Zircaloy alloy product having superior high temperature steam corrosion resistance.

Zirconium alloy products and fabrication processes

PURPOSE:To obtain the titled Zr alloy having excellent corrosion resistance, particularly nodular corrosion resistant-characteristics by specifying the compsn. consisting of Nb, Si, Ge and Zr. CONSTITUTION:The titled Zr alloy consists of, by weight, 0.1-2.5% Nb, at least one kind between 0.01-3% Si and Ge, furthermore consists of <=5% Ni, <=5% Fe, <=1.5% Sn, <=1% Cr and the balance consisting substantially of Zr. Said alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, particularly nodular corrosion resistant-characteristics. The above-mentioned alloy has improved corrosion resistance by finely and uniformly depositing and dispersing the intermetallic compounds between beta stabilizing elements such as Nb and Zr.

Corrosion-resistant zirconium alloy

PURPOSE:To obtain the titled good-quality film resemblant to natural diamond by introducing a gaseous reactant contg hydrocarbons into a reaction vessel wherein a substrate is arranged, and irradiating UV light on the gaseous reactant CONSTITUTION:A substrate is arranged in a reaction vessel which is used in a common chemical vapor-phase growth method An org material (eg, polyethylene), an inorg material (eg, ceramic), and a composite material are used as the material of the substrate Then a gaseous reactant contg at least one kind of hydrocarbon is introduced into the reaction vessel A comparatively low molwt hydrocarbon having an unsaturated bond (eg, ethylene) is appropriately used as the hydrocarbon Subsequently, UV light is irradiated on the gaseous reactant to excite and decompose the hydrocarbon The hydrocarbon in the gaseous reactant is excited and decomposed to form active chemical species, which are successively deposited on the surface of the substrate to form a diamond film or a diamond-like carbon film

Formation of diamond film or diamond-like carbon film

PURPOSE: To obtain a standard sample for measuring the thickness of the oxide layer of a zirconium-base alloy member having good calibration accuracy and long life by providing an insulating oxide layer to a prescribed film thickness on the surface of the zirconium-base alloy. CONSTITUTION: Zr alloys such as zircalloy-2, -4, Zr-2.5%Nb and Zr-1%Nb known generally as the alloy for atomic reactors are usable for the zirconium-base alloy member. Any insulator is usable for the insulating oxide layer and is exemplified by ceramic layers of zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, etc. A sample to be measured is a Zr alloy and plural pieces are preferably provided by using the zirconium oxide and changing the film thicknesses in order to measure the thickness of the oxide layer thereof. Since the specified thickness of the oxide layer is reproduced with the long life and high accuracy in the above-mentioned manner, the calibration with the extremely high accuracy is made possible. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Standard sample for measuring thickness of oxide layer of zirconium-base alloy member

PURPOSE: A base plate is placed in the reactor, the reaction gas composed of organic compounds and specific dopes is introduced into the reactor under irradiation with ultraviolet rays to form the titled diamond of excellent semiconductor properties easily at a high speed over a wide area on the base. CONSTITUTION: A base plate 5 such as silicon wafer is placed on the holder 4 in the reactor 1, when needed, heated over 400°C with heater 6. Then, the reaction gas which is composed of at least one of organic compound such as ethylene, at least one of dopants such as elements or compounds of B, Al, Ga, In or Tl such as boron or elements or compounds of N, P, As, Sb or Bi such as PH 3 , when necessary containing H 2 is introduced from the inlet 2 so that the pressure is adjusted to 10 2 W10 -4 Torr. The reactor is irradiated with ultraviolet rays 9 such as excimer laser beams (ArF, 193nm) trough cylindrical lens 7, quartz beam splitter 8 in a sheet beam to effect excitement and photolysis and form semiconductor diamond of 2μ thickness on the average on the base 5. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio

Production of semiconductor diamond

PURPOSE:To form a thin layer of hard carbon or diamond on a Zr alloy member and to improve remarkably wear resistance by heating electrically said member in an evacuated vessel and bringing the same into contact with activated hydrocarbon, etc while rotating said member CONSTITUTION:The surface of a Zr alloy pipe 1 of zircaloy or the like is polished with SiC, etc and is then chemically polished with an aq mixed soln of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid The polished pipe is put into a vessel 6 and both ends are supported with movable supporting bars 2 The inside of the vessel is evacuated through an evacuating port 4 and electricity is conducted to the pipe from both bars 2 to heat the pipe to 200-500 degC Gaseous hydrocarbon such as gaseous methane and pulverous powder of carbon fed through an inlet 3 are heated and activated by a W filament and are brought into contact with the surface of the pipe 1 The pipe 1 is slowly rotated and axially moved and a thin layer of hard carbon or diamond is formed to a uniform thickness on the surface thereof, by which the wear resistance of said pipe is improved

Kawashima Junko

Papers

Corrosion-resistant zirconium alloy

Formation of diamond film or diamond-like carbon film

Standard sample for measuring thickness of oxide layer of zirconium-base alloy member

Production of semiconductor diamond

Wear resistant zirconium alloy and its production