Analysis and evaluation of essential oil components of cinnamon barks using GC–MS and FTIR spectroscopy

Introduction

Herbal medicines (HM) and their preparations have been widely used for hundreds of years all over the world. However, they have not been officially recognised due to a lack of adequate or accepted research methodology for their evaluation.



Objective

To present a concise overview of the recent applications of chemometrics in solving the ambiguity of herbal medicine authentication during the last two decades.



Methodology

Studies involving the applications of chemometric analysis in combination with different analytical methods were classified according to the method of analysis used including chromatographic (HPLC, GC and CE), spectroscopic (NMR, IR, UV and ICP) and genetic analysis (RAPD). The purpose of each of these studies was classified into one of three main categories: taxonomic discrimination, quality assessment or classification between plants of different geographic origins.



Results

This review comprises over 150 studies, covering the past two decades, emphasising the significance of chemometric methods in the discrimination of many herbs from closely related species and from adulterants, based on the principal bioactive components and phytochemical diversity. Furthermore, the differentiation between varieties and hybrids was achieved in addition to the prediction of the active components by quantitative methods of analysis. Discrimination according to geographical origin and localities, processing methods, DNA profiling and metabolomics were also efficiently investigated.



Conclusion

Chemometric methods have provided an efficient and powerful tool for the quality control and authentication of different herbs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Application of chemometrics in authentication of herbal medicines: a review.

Essential oils are natural materials widely used in many fields all over the world and have become an integral part of everyday life. There is increasing demand for essential oils, which has resulted in cases of adulteration. Authentication is thus a matter of critical importance for both consumers and chemical companies. This comprehensive overview covers known adulterations in essential oils, and some analytical methodologies adopted for their detection. We first list recommended tests, and then we explain and discuss common analytical techniques, such as chiral gas chromatography, isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We also present (high-performance) thin-layer chromatography, vibrational spectroscopy, coupled and multidimensional chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and combination with chemometrics-metabolomics. This review provides a critical overview of existing techniques.

Authenticity of essential oils

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/351924.pdf

Chemometrics: A new scenario in herbal drug standardization

Essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia bark through hydrodistillation and advanced microwave assisted hydrodistillation

Discrimination of cinnamon bark and cinnamon twig samples sourced from various countries using HPLC-based fingerprint analysis.

DNA origami has created complex structures of various spatial dimensions. However, their versatility in terms of function is limited due to the lower number of the intrinsic building blocks, i.e. nucleotides, compared with the number of amino acids. Therefore, protein origami has been proposed and demonstrated to precisely fabricate artificial functional nanostructures. Despite their hierarchical folded structures, chain-like peptides and DNA share obvious similarities in both structures and properties, especially in terms of chain hybridization; therefore, replacing DNA with peptides to create bioactivities not only has high theoretical feasibility but also provides a new bottom-up synthetic strategy. However, designing functionalities with tens to hundreds of peptide chains using the similar principle of DNA origami has not been reported, although the origami strategy holds great potential to generate more complex bioactivities. In this perspective review, we have reviewed the recent progress in and highlighted the advantages of peptide assembly and origami on the orientation of artificially created bioactivities. With the great potential of peptide origami, we appeal to develop user-friendly softwares in combination with artificial intelligence.

/pdf/creating-de-novo-peptide-based-bioactivities-from-assembly-1d08tc2n.pdf

En Qi Wu

Papers

Discrimination of cinnamon bark and cinnamon twig samples sourced from various countries using HPLC-based fingerprint analysis.

Creating de novo peptide-based bioactivities: from assembly to origami