Showing papers by "Enrique Ogliastri published in 2013"

Introduction: innovation in Latin America

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this article is to summarize the basic literature and concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship, emphasizing the relevant studies for Latin America. The authors aim to assess the role of Latin America in the world innovative activity utilizing the production of USPTO patents. Design/methodology/approac To achieve the first objective, the authors review and summarize the relevant literature for innovation and entrepreneurship in Latin America. They also introduce each of the papers included in the current special issue of Academia. To achieve the second objective, the authors use the production of USPTO patents by Latin American residents, and examine those levels to the rest of the world. Findings The authors find Latin America to be a marginal contributor to the world innovative activity. Although the region represented 8.7 per cent of world GDP in 2011, it only generated 0.19 per cent of the world patents registered at the USPTO between 2008 and 2012, and only 0.17 per cent of a...

Introduction: Innovation in Latin America (Introducción: Innovación En América Latina)

Abstract: English Abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this article is to summarize the basic literature and concepts of innovation and entrepreneurship, emphasizing the relevant studies for Latin America. The authors aim to assess the role of Latin America in the world innovative activity utilizing the production of USPTO patents. Design/Methodology/Approach – To achieve the first objective, the authors review and summarize the relevant literature for innovation and entrepreneurship in Latin America. They also introduce each of the papers included in the current special issue of Academia. To achieve the second objective, the authors use the production of USPTO patents by Latin American residents, and examine those levels to the rest of the world. Findings – The authors find Latin America to be a marginal contributor to the world innovative activity. Although the region represented 8.7 per cent of world GDP in 2011, it only generated 0.19 per cent of the world patents registered at the USPTO between 2008 and 2012, and only 0.17 per cent of all patents registered since 1976. However, countries such as Costa Rica and Uruguay have larger levels of patent production by 100,000 inhabitants with 7.05 and 4.72 for 1976-2012. Originality/Value – This introduction introduces work that continues the intense discussion on innovation and entrepreneurship in Latin America. It is to the extent of the authors’ knowledge, one of the first attempts to measure the level of innovation at the regional level, and compare the performance of different countries. This special edition has implications for individuals, firms and governments striving to introduce new products, services and processes in a region that has historically confronted important barriers to innovation. Spanish Abstract: En esta introduccion presentamos algunos conceptos basicos sobre innovacion y empresariado, y hacemos e´nfasis en la literatura que ha estudiado estos fenomenos en America Latina. Evaluamos, adema´s, el papel de Ame´rica Latina en la actividad innovadora mundial, utilizando la produccio´n de patentes registradas en la Oficina de Patentes y Marcas de Estados Unidos (USPTO), y encontramos que Ame´rica Latina desempen˜a un papel marginal con relacio´n a otros centros mundiales de innovacion. Finalmente, se presentan los arti´culos de este nu´mero de la revista Academia. Esta edicion especial tiene implicaciones practicas para individuos, empresas y gobiernos, que quieran introducir nuevos productos, servicios, y procesos desde una region que histo´ricamente ha tenido que enfrentar barreras a la innovacio´n.