This document provides updates to IEEE Std 802.16's MIB for the MAC, PHY and asso- ciated management procedures in order to accommodate recent extensions to the standard.

IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems Draft Amendment: Management Information Base Extensions

１ インフラを構築する（ＡＷＳにおけるインフラ；ＶＰＣを構成する；ＶＰＣとオンプレミス環境とを接続する） ２ ファイルオブジェクトを保存・共有・公開する（オブジェクトストレージＳ３の機能；ファイルストレージとして利用する；Ｗｅｂサーバーを構築する；信頼性とコストのバランスをとりたい） ３ アプリケーションサーバーを構築する（Ａｍａｚｏｎ ＥＣ２とＡＷＳ Ｌａｍｂｄａ；スケーラビリティーを高める；サーバーレスでプログラムを動かす；データベースサービスを活用する） ４ ＡＷＳシステムを管理する（リソース監視と異常検知・通報；耐障害性を高める仕組みとバックアップ＆リカバリー；構成管理）

Amazon Web Services完全ソリューションガイド

Welcome to the second installment of IJBDCN. This issue contains three research papers and a comprehensive survey article on mobile ad hoc networks. We would like to publish a couple of survey or tutorial articles per year as we believe this to be of value to our readers. Many research papers are necessarily focused and do not allow for a " panoramic " view of a particular subject. This is the gap that well-written survey or tutorial papers can fill. We are also planning a guest-edited special issue for the last quarter of this year and welcome your suggestions for future special issues of the journal. This second issue starts with a paper entitled " An Approach to Solving the Surviv-able Capacitated Network Design Problem " where Sridhar and Park studied the problem of selecting links of a network to construct primary and secondary routes for transfer of commodity traffic between nodes of the network. Their technique allows the design of survivable and cost-effective networks. In the second paper, " Query Processing Strategies for Location-Dependent Information Services " , Jayaputera and Taniar propose a new approach to generate a query result for location-dependent information services (LDIS). They argue that choosing a square as the scope of a query and dividing it into four equal regions, where a user is a center point of the scope, results in a faster searching time to find targets queried and brings a bigger chance to get rare targets. In addition, by avoiding resubmitting the same queries when the query results missed, the approach reduced bandwidth use at both the server and client sides. The third paper, " Addressing SPAM E-Mail Using Hashcash " by Curran and Honan tackles a problem experienced by most of us. The authors present the Hashcash proof-of-work approach and investigate the feasibility of implementing a solution based on that mechanism along with what they called a " cocktail " of antispam measures designed to keep junk mail under control. Finally , in the last paper, entitled " MANET: Applications, Issues, and Challenges for the Future " , Dhar presents an informative survey of mobile ad hoc networks, describing the main characteristics of those networks and how they are being used, and discussing the most pressing issues and challenges associated with these temporary wireless networks. We hope that you enjoy this and the upcoming issues of IJBDCN. Our goal is to …

International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking

The Internet of Things (IoT) is leading today’s digital transformation Relying on a combination of technologies, protocols, and devices such as wireless sensors and newly developed wearable and implanted sensors, IoT is changing every aspect of daily life, especially recent applications in digital healthcare IoT incorporates various kinds of hardware, communication protocols, and services This IoT diversity can be viewed as a double-edged sword that provides comfort to users but can lead also to a large number of security threats and attacks In this survey paper, a new compacted and optimized architecture for IoT is proposed based on five layers Likewise, we propose a new classification of security threats and attacks based on new IoT architecture The IoT architecture involves a physical perception layer, a network and protocol layer, a transport layer, an application layer, and a data and cloud services layer First, the physical sensing layer incorporates the basic hardware used by IoT Second, we highlight the various network and protocol technologies employed by IoT, and review the security threats and solutions Transport protocols are exhibited and the security threats against them are discussed while providing common solutions Then, the application layer involves application protocols and lightweight encryption algorithms for IoT Finally, in the data and cloud services layer, the main important security features of IoT cloud platforms are addressed, involving confidentiality, integrity, authorization, authentication, and encryption protocols The paper is concluded by presenting the open research issues and future directions towards securing IoT, including the lack of standardized lightweight encryption algorithms, the use of machine-learning algorithms to enhance security and the related challenges, the use of Blockchain to address security challenges in IoT, and the implications of IoT deployment in 5G and beyond

https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/13/3625/pdf

A Survey of IoT Security Based on a Layered Architecture of Sensing and Data Analysis.

Reforming the African Public Sector. Retrospect and Prospects: Retrospect and Prospects

Digitization and automation have engulfed every scope and sphere of life. Internet of Things (IoT) has been the main enabler of the revolution. There still exist challenges in IoT that need to be addressed such as the limited address space for the increasing number of devices when using IPv4 and IPv6 as well as key security issues such as vulnerable access control mechanisms. Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that has immense benefits such as enhanced security and traceability. Thus, blockchain can serve as a good foundation for applications based on transaction and interactions. IoT implementations and applications are by definition distributed. This means blockchain can help to solve most of the security vulnerabilities and traceability concerns of IoTs by using blockchain as a ledger that can keep track of how devices interact, in which state they are and how they transact with other IoT devices. IoT applications have been mainly implemented with technologies such as cloud and fog computing, and AI to help address some of its key challenges. The key implementation challenges and technical choices to consider in making a successful blockchain IoT (BIoT) project are clearly outlined in this paper. The security and privacy aspect of BIoT applications are also analyzed, and several relevant solutions to improve the scalability and throughput of such applications are proposed. The paper also reviews integration schemes and monitoring frameworks for BIoT applications. A hybrid blockchain IoT integration architecture that makes use of containerization is proposed.

/pdf/on-blockchain-and-iot-integration-platforms-current-3onq4fbk5a.pdf

On Blockchain and IoT Integration Platforms: Current Implementation Challenges and Future Perspectives

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are a major threat to any network-based service provider. The ability of an attacker to harness the power of a lot of compromised devices to launch an attack makes it even more complex to handle. This complexity can increase even more when several attackers coordinate to launch an attack on one victim. Moreover, attackers these days do not need to be highly skilled to perpetrate an attack. Tools for orchestrating an attack can easily be found online and require little to no knowledge about attack scripts to initiate an attack. Studies have been done severally to develop defense mechanisms to detect and defend against DDoS attacks. As defense schemes are designed and developed, attackers are also on the move to evade these defense mechanisms and so there is a need for a continual study in developing defense mechanisms. This paper discusses the current DDoS defense mechanisms, their strengths and weaknesses.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7080/7/1/19/pdf

On Distributed Denial of Service Current Defense Schemes

In Ghana and many countries within Sub-Sahara Africa, Long Term Evolution (LTE) is being considered for use within the sectors of Governance, Energy distribution and transmission, Transport, Education and Health. Subscribers and Governments within the region have high expectations for these new networks and want to leverage the promised enhanced coverage and high data rates for development. Recent performance evaluations of deployed WiMAX networks in Ghana showed promising performance of a wireless broadband technology in supporting the capacity demands needed in the peculiar Sub-Saharan African terrain. The deployed WiMAX networks, however could not achieve the optimal quality of service required for providing a seamless wireless connectivity demands needed for emerging mobile applications. This paper evaluates the performance of some selected key network parameters of a newly deployed LTE network in the 2600 MHz band operating in the peculiar Sub-Saharan African terrain under varied MIMO Antenna Configurations. We adopted simulation and field measurement to aid us in our evaluation. Genex Unet has been used to simulate network coverage and throughput performance of 2X2, 4X4 and 8X8 MIMO configurations of the deployed networks. The average simulated throughput per sector of 4X4 MIMO configuration was seen to be better than the 2X2 configuration. However, the percentage coverage for users under the 2x2 MIMO simulation scenario was better than that of the adaptive 4x4 MIMO configuration with 2x2 MIMO achieving 60.41% of coverage area having throughput values between 1 - 40Mbps as against 55.87% achieved by the 4x4 MIMO configuration in the peculiar deployment terrain.

/pdf/performance-evaluation-of-a-deployed-4g-lte-network-53sb7f0u7p.pdf

Performance evaluation of a deployed 4g Lte network

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) technology has gained growing interest due to its applications and advantages. It is fast emerging as a last-mile problem solution for broadband access technology. This paper presents operation scenarios for the deployment of a Fourth Generation (4G) WiMAX system in a typical sub-Saharan African environment. This has been specified based on real world conditions considering the regulatory rules specified by the National Communication Authority (NCA) for radio frequency spectrum utilization in the 2.6GHz licensed band in Ghana. Appropriate propagation models and Network planning tools have been used to design the final radio network plan. Coverage prediction has been performed using Genex-U-Net to achieve the main aim of providing coverage in the predefined areas of Accra and Tema, Ghana. Simulation results for different downlink/uplink ratios with different frequency reuse schemes have been presented. A total of 11 base stations have been suggested to provide coverage of -92dBm using 32 sectors 4 transmit 4 receive (4T4R) adaptive Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna configuration within the Accra and Tema municipality. Finally the system performance is evaluated through field trial measurement and the results presented.

Eric Tutu Tchao

Papers

On Blockchain and IoT Integration Platforms: Current Implementation Challenges and Future Perspectives

On Distributed Denial of Service Current Defense Schemes

Performance evaluation of a deployed 4g Lte network

Radio Planning and Field Trial Measurement of a Deployed 4G WiMAX Network in an Urban Sub-Saharan African Environment

Study of a printed split-ring monopole for dual-spectrum communications.