This paper presents an optimized watermarking scheme based on the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). The singular values of a binary watermark are embedded in singular values of the LL3 sub-band coefficients of the host image by making use of multiple scaling factors (MSFs). The MSFs are optimized using a newly proposed Firefly Algorithm having an objective function which is a linear combination of imperceptibility and robustness. The PSNR values indicate that the visual quality of the signed and attacked images is good. The embedding algorithm is robust against common image processing operations. It is concluded that the embedding and extraction of the proposed algorithm is well optimized, robust and show an improvement over other similar reported methods.

Optimized gray-scale image watermarking using DWT-SVD and Firefly Algorithm

An adaptive audio watermarking based on the singular value decomposition in the wavelet domain

An improved SVD-based watermarking scheme for protecting rightful ownership

In the era of big data and networking, it is necessary to develop a secure and robust digital watermarking scheme with high computational efficiency to protect copyrights of digital works. However, most of the existing methods focus on robustness and embedding capacity, losing sight of security or requiring significant computational resources in the encryption process. This paper proposed a new digital image watermarking model based on scrambling algorithm Logistic and RSA asymmetric encryption algorithm to guarantee the security of the hidden data at the foundation of large embedding capacity, good robustness and high computational efficiency. The experiments involved applying the encryption algorithms of Logistic and RSA to the watermark image and performing the hybrid decomposition of Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) on the host image, and the watermark was embedded into the low-frequency sub-band of the host. The values of PSNR and NCC were measured to estimate the imperceptibility and robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme, and the CPU running time was recorded to measure the complexity of the proposed main algorithm in execution time. Experimental results showed the superiority of the proposed watermarking scheme.

Secure and robust digital image watermarking scheme using logistic and RSA encryption

In this article, a new DWT-SVD and DCT with Arnold Cat Map encryption based robust and blind watermarking scheme is proposed for copyright protection. The proposed scheme solves the most frequently occurring watermarking security problems in Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based schemes which are unauthorized reading and false-positive detection. This scheme also optimizes fidelity and robustness characteristics. The grey image watermark splits into two parts using four bits MSBs and four bits LSBs of each pixel. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of these MSBs and LSBs values are embedded into the middle singular value of each block having size 4 × 4 of the host image's one level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) sub-bands. The reason for incorporating Arnold Cat Map in the proposed scheme is to encode the watermark image before embedding it in the host image. The proposed scheme is a blind scheme and does not require the choice of scaling factor. Thus, the proposed scheme is secure as well as free from the false positive detection problem. The proposed watermarking scheme is tested for various malicious and non-malicious attacks. The experimental results demonstrate that the scheme is robust, imperceptible and secure to several attacks and common signal processing operations.

DWT-SVD and DCT based robust and blind watermarking scheme for copyright protection

Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) has been used as a valuable transform technique for robust digital watermarking. This arises from the fact that, changing singular values (SV) of an image slightly does not affect the image quality much. In some SVD based methods, SVs of the watermark are embedded into SVs of the cover image. Then in detection, the watermark is constructed by using original singular vectors. If the singular vectors of another image rather than the original watermark are used, that image is constructed as the embedded watermark, causing the false positive probability to be one. In this paper, we propose a technique against this ambiguity by embedding the singular vectors of the watermark image as a control parameter. We discuss the performance of the proposed method against some attacks.

Improved SVD-DWT based digital image watermarking against watermark ambiguity

In some Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based watermarking techniques, singular values (SV) of the cover image are used to embed the SVs of the watermark image. In detection, singular vectors of the watermark image are used to construct the embedded watermark. A problem faced with this approach is to obtain the resultant watermark as the image whose singular vectors are used for restoring the watermark, namely, what is searched that is found. In this paper, we propose a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) DC subband watermarking technique in SVD domain against this ambiguity by embedding the singular vectors of the watermark image, too, as a control parameter. We give the experimental results of the proposed technique against some attacks.

SVD adapted DCT domain DC subband image watermarking against watermark ambiguity

Comments on A digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm

Principal Components Analysis (PCA) is a valuable technique for dimensionality reduction purposes for huge datasets. Principal components are linear combination of the original variables. The projection of data on this linear subspace keeps the most of the original characteristics. This helps to find robust characteristics for watermarking applications. Most of the PCA based watermarking methods were done in projection space i.e. in eigen image. In this study, different from the other methods, PCA is used to obtain a reference of the cover image by using compression property of PCA. PCA and block-PCA based methods are proposed by using some of the principal vectors in reconstruction. The watermarking is done according to difference of the original and its reference image. The method is compared with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based approach and its performance against some attacks is discussed.

Digital watermarking with PCA based reference images

The present invention relates to the field of computation and simulation and covers methods to optimize the fiducial marker positions in optical object tracking systems, by simulating the visibility. The method for optimizing tracker system which is realized to simulate camera and fiducial positions and pose estimation algorithm parameters to optimize the system comprises the steps of; acquire mesh data representing possible active marker positions and orientations on a tracked object, pose data representing possible poses of tracked object, camera positions and orientations; compute visibility of each node from all camera viewports and generate a visibility value list; select the node with highest visibility count as a marker placement node; remove nodes closer to the selected node than a threshold; remove the pose(s) having a predetermined number of selected nodes; does percentage of all poses have predetermined number of selected nodes?; project selected node positions on the image plane of each camera viewport and calculate the pose of the mesh using the tracker algorithm to be optimized; calculate pose error and pose coverage by comparing algorithm results with initial data; record and output results; and select among the results a parameter set satisfying at least one constraint.

Erkan Yavuz

Papers

Improved SVD-DWT based digital image watermarking against watermark ambiguity

SVD adapted DCT domain DC subband image watermarking against watermark ambiguity

Comments on A digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm

Digital watermarking with PCA based reference images

System and method for optimizing tracker system