Fil: Mussetta, Paula Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina

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Vulnerabilidad de productores rurales de Mendoza ante el Cambio Ambiental Global: clima, agua, economía y sociedad Producer's vulnerabilities to Global Environmental Change: climate, water, economy and society

The main objective of this study was to determine the sustainability status of three agroecosystems in arid areas, and to identify the critical aspects that limit it, through the use of economic, ecological and socio-cultural indicators. Three agroecosystems (AE) were selected from the Department of 25 de Mayo, San Juan. Its main economic activity is goat farming and, to a lesser extent, cultivation of orchards, as well as subsistence economic activities. To determine the state of sustainability, the indicators were selected and subsequently standardized and weighted according to their relative importance with respect to sustainability. The results indicated that none of the dryland AE achieves sustainability simultaneously in its three dimensions. The systemic analysis through indicators showed that the critical variables are food self-sufficiency, water access, livestock survival, and technical assistance, among others. The methodology used is simple, allowing to detect the sustainability status of the three EAs, and to identify the critical variables that jeopardize the permanence of the AE over time.

Use of indicators as a tool to measure sustainability in agroecosystems of arid land, San Juan, Argentina = Uso de indicadores como herramienta para medir la sustentabilidad en agroecosistemas de tierras áridas, San Juan, Argentina

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify the main firm-level performance indicators and group them in dimensions that support decision-making in the wine industry.,To achieve this goal, an SLR approach was conducted in the Scopus database from 2009 to 2019. From a set of 607 articles, only 25 studies related to firm-level performance indicators were considered and, following an inductive thematic analysis and an interpretative synthesis, separated into different specific foci that include social, economic and environmental dimensions.,There is a limited number of papers identifying indicators regarding the firm-level performance of wine firms, and even fewer studies including indicators on an integrated approach to measure the different dimensions of firm performance. This paper documents that economic and environmental indicators cover 78.2% of all SLR indicators analyzed. As this group of indicators is limited to a set of sub-dimensions, this paper found that several groups of indicators are misrepresented, such as product portfolio or certifications related to marketing activities and indicators covering purchasing and supply chain activities, which play a crucial role in the competitiveness of the wine industry.,For practitioners, it discloses the most pertinent indicators they need to improve to craft their business strategies. This framework is of added value for policymakers to customize their support programs for specific producers to develop their competitive strategies. It could be deployed in teaching programs as a tool to address the importance of aligning different types of indicators to achieve firm-level performance in the wine industry.,This study contributes to the literature identifying a framework of analysis that includes indicators of four dimensions, namely, economic, social, territorial and environmental. This framework aims to relate performance measures to corporate strategy as a management control tool. The framework intends to improve the fit between firms’ activities and their competitive context and to be flexibly adapted to various products/firms in the wine industry.

Performance indicators to support firm-level decision-making in the wine industry: a systematic literature review

In the last ten years, the production of quinoa in Peru has intensified, going from traditional practices to technified production systems based on market demand, which has caused changes in economic, social, and mainly environmental terms. The aim of the study was to establish the environmental sustainability indexes in three quinoa-producing communities in the high Andean area of the department of Ayacucho, Peru. Under the methodological approach of multi-criteria analysis, a scale was created in sustainability percentage assessment, being a value of zero (0) not sustainable, and a value of 100 percent the maximum sustainability threshold. For this, surveys with structured questions in the environmental dimension were applied. Quinoa production systems achieve an Environmental Indicator (EI) of 49.43% or a low sustainability range. The variable with the highest contribution was the risk of erosion (51.28%), followed by the management of biodiversity (48.68%) and the conservation of soil life (48.32%).

http://revista.corpoica.org.co/index.php/revista/article/download/1309/645

Sostenibilidad ambiental de la producción de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en los valles interandinos del Perú

Se construyó un panel con deshumidificadores acoplable a máquinas atomizadoras convencionales, capaz de retener el líquido de pulverización que se pierde por deriva. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron: a) verificar su capacidad de recuperación, b) estudiar su influencia en las características del pulverizado y c) comprobar la variación de la deriva en el suelo y las hileras aledañas. El prototipo se ensayó en un viñedo cv. Malbec conducido en espaldera alta. La aplicación de oxicloruro de cobre con equipo hidroneumático convencional se definió como tratamiento testigo. Se evaluó la calidad de la pulverización usando papeles hidrosensibles y receptores ubicados en la hilera tratada, dos hileras adyacentes y el suelo. En ensayos a campo, el panel recuperó el 37% del volumen aplicado para inicios del desarrollo vegetativo y el 11% con máxima vegetación. El recuperador no influyó en la cantidad de producto depositado, ni en la calidad de distribución del pulverizado sobre la canopia tratada. En el tratamiento convencional se comprobó que gran parte de la deriva se pierde principalmente en el suelo aledaño a las hileras pulverizadas. El panel redujo significativamente la deriva en el suelo, tanto en depósito de pesticida como en cantidad de impactos por superficie.

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Evaluación de un panel para recuperación de deriva en aplicaciones fitosanitarias en viñedos - Evaluation of a drift recovery panel for phytosanitary treatments in vineyards

The concept of sustainability implies a long-term relationship between human been and nature. Sustainable production systems are those systems capable of remaining in the time since they promote the conservation of natural resources, social capital and generate enough economic rents to support themselves. Growing vine and wine activities in Mendoza (Argentina) provide numerous benefits to the agricultural sector which is responsible for the use and pollution of natural resources. There are several indicators that show information of the viticulture sector, but most of them focus on physical and economic aspects. This work consists in the selection of indicators based on the theoretical concept of sustainability that request to integrate the three system's dimensions: economic, social and environmental. This was applied to the viticulture sector in Mendoza, therefore indicators were designed which are able to characterize it following the concept of sustainability. The selected indicators resulted appropriate to describe the grade of sustainability in every dimension (social, economic and environmental) aspects and were easy to obtain and to understand.

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Esperanza Arnés

Papers

Propuesta de indicadores de sustentabilidad para la producción de vid en Mendoza, Argentina

Sustainability indicators proposal for vine production in Mendoza, Argentina.