物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

[서평]「The Unified Modeling Language User Guide」

/pdf/qualitative-research-in-information-systems-1sezxwy02d.pdf

Qualitative Research in Information Systems

The Object Management Group's (OMG) Model Driven Architecture (MDA) strategy envisages a world where models play a more direct role in software production, being amenable to manipulation and transformation by machine. Model Driven Engineering (MDE) is wider in scope than MDA. MDE combines process and analysis with architecture. This article sets out a framework for model driven engineering, which can be used as a point of reference for activity in this area. It proposes an organisation of the modelling 'space' and how to locate models in that space. It discusses different kinds of mappings between models. It explains why process and architecture are tightly connected. It discusses the importance and nature of tools. It identifies the need for defining families of languages and transformations, and for developing techniques for generating/configuring tools from such definitions. It concludes with a call to align metamodelling with formal language engineering techniques.

Model Driven Engineering

The Grid 2: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure

Context: Model-driven approaches deal with the provision of models, transformations between them and code generators to address software development. This approach has the advantage of defining a conceptual structure, where the models used by business managers and analysts can be mapped into more detailed models used by software developers. This alignment between high-level business specifications and the lower-level information technologies (ITs) models is crucial to the field of service-oriented development, where meaningful business services and process specifications are those relevant to real business scenarios. Objective: This paper presents a model-driven approach which, starting from high-level computational-independent business models (CIMs) - the business view - sets out guidelines for obtaining lower-level platform-independent behavioural models (PIMs) - the information system view. A key advantage of our approach is the use of real high-level business models, not just requirements models, which, by means of model transformations, helps software developers to make the most of the business knowledge for specifying and developing business services. Method: This proposal is framed in a method for service-oriented development of information systems whose main characteristic is the use of services as first-class objects. The method follows an MDA-based approach, proposing a set of models at different levels of abstraction and model transformations to connect them. Results: The paper present the complete set of CIM and PIM metamodels and the specification of the mappings between them, which clear advantage is the support for the alignment between high-level business view and ITs. The proposed model-driven process is being implemented in an MDA tool. A first prototype has been used to develop a travel agency case study that illustrates the proposal. Conclusion: This study shows how a model-driven approach helps to solve the alignment problem between the business view and the information system view that arises when adopting service-oriented approaches for software development.

Applying CIM-to-PIM model transformations for the service-oriented development of information systems

Context: Model-Driven Engineering provides a new landscape for dealing with traceability in software development. Objective: Our goal is to analyze the current state of the art in traceability management in the context of Model-Driven Engineering. Method: We use the systematic literature review based on the guidelines proposed by Kitchenham. We propose five research questions and six quality assessments. Results: Of the 157 relevant studies identified, 29 have been considered primary studies. These studies have resulted in 17 proposals. Conclusion: The evaluation shows that the most addressed operations are storage, CRUD and visualization, while the most immature operations are exchange and analysis traceability information.

Model-Driven Engineering as a new landscape for traceability management: A systematic literature review

The most common way of designing databases is by means of a conceptual model, such as E/R, without taking into account other views of the system. New object-oriented design languages, such as UML (Unified Modelling Language), allow the whole system, including the database schema, to be modelled in a uniform way. Moreover, as UML is an extendable language, it allows for any necessary introduction of new stereotypes for specific applications. Proposals exist to extend UML with stereotypes for database design but, unfortunately, they are focused on relational databases. However, new applications require complex objects to be represented in complex relationships, object-relational databases being more appropriate for these requirements. The framework of this paper is an Object-Relational Database Design Methodology, which defines new UML stereotypes for Object-Relational Database Design and proposes some guidelines to translate a UML conceptual schema into an object-relational schema. The guidelines are based on the SQL:1999 object-relational model and on Oracle8i as a product example.

A Methodological Approach for Object-Relational Database Design using UML

In recent years, the automation of business processes has become one of the most prominent and promising uses of Web service technology. Consequently several languages have been created for the execution of business processes, making it possible to define new and more complex services or business processes which are implemented for example by means of Web service composition. Nevertheless, these kinds of languages are not suitable for use in the early stages of the development process of information systems. Special methodologies or techniques are therefore necessary to allow systems analysts to understand services from a business point of view, while facilitating the design and development of Web service composition. In this paper, we present a service-oriented approach to information system development that starts by identifying, through business modeling, the services required by the customers of a business, to make it possible to create a Web service composition model. This model will facilitate the transformation to specific languages for business process execution, thereby reducing the development efforts made in service-oriented applications. The method proposed is illustrated by means of a Web application for the management of medical images, which we have taken as a case study.

Towards a service-oriented MDA-based approach to the alignment of business processes with IT systems: From the business model to a web service composition model

In recent years, innovation in technologies such as XML, web services and component-based development has led to interest in business processes. For this reason several languages for designing and implementing business processes, such as Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS), have been created. However, one weakness of these languages is that they are difficult for business analysts to use in the early stages of the web information systems development process. In this work, we present a model-driven method for service composition modelling. The method defines a process, new models and the mappings between them. The process first identifies the services that will be offered to the user and then allows obtaining a service composition model, which facilitates the mapping to a specific web services composition language. The proposed method is illustrated through a case study of a web information system for the management of medical images.

Esperanza Marcos

Papers

Applying CIM-to-PIM model transformations for the service-oriented development of information systems

Model-Driven Engineering as a new landscape for traceability management: A systematic literature review

A Methodological Approach for Object-Relational Database Design using UML

Towards a service-oriented MDA-based approach to the alignment of business processes with IT systems: From the business model to a web service composition model

A model driven method for service composition modelling: a case study