A review of 45 studies clearly demonstrated that sexually abused children had more symptoms than nonabused children, with abuse accounting for 15-45% of the variance. Fears, posttraumatic stress disorder, behavior problems, sexualized behaviors, and poor self-esteem occurred most frequently among a long list of symptoms noted, but no one symptom characterized a majority of sexually abused children. Some symptoms were specific to certain ages, and approximately one third of victims had no symptoms. Penetration, the duration and frequency of the abuse, force, the relationship of the perpetrator to the child, and maternal support affected the degree of symptomatology. About two thirds of the victimized children showed recovery during the first 12-18 months. The findings suggest the absence of any specific syndrome in children who have been sexually abused and no single traumatizing process. Language: en

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Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies

Moral emotions represent a key element of our human moral apparatus, influencing the link between moral standards and moral behavior This chapter reviews current theory and research on moral emotions We first focus on a triad of negatively valenced “self-conscious” emotions—shame, guilt, and embarrassment As in previous decades, much research remains focused on shame and guilt We review current thinking on the distinction between shame and guilt, and the relative advantages and disadvantages of these two moral emotions Several new areas of research are highlighted: research on the domain-specific phenomenon of body shame, styles of coping with shame, psychobiological aspects of shame, the link between childhood abuse and later proneness to shame, and the phenomena of vicarious or “collective” experiences of shame and guilt In recent years, the concept of moral emotions has been expanded to include several positive emotions—elevation, gratitude, and the sometimes morally relevant experience o

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Moral emotions and moral behavior

Thank you very much for downloading applied longitudinal data analysis modeling change and event occurrence. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this applied longitudinal data analysis modeling change and event occurrence, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their computer.

Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis Modeling Change And Event Occurrence

Identifying, developing, and testing implementation strategies are important goals of implementation science. However, these efforts have been complicated by the use of inconsistent language and inadequate descriptions of implementation strategies in the literature. The Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) study aimed to refine a published compilation of implementation strategy terms and definitions by systematically gathering input from a wide range of stakeholders with expertise in implementation science and clinical practice. Purposive sampling was used to recruit a panel of experts in implementation and clinical practice who engaged in three rounds of a modified Delphi process to generate consensus on implementation strategies and definitions. The first and second rounds involved Web-based surveys soliciting comments on implementation strategy terms and definitions. After each round, iterative refinements were made based upon participant feedback. The third round involved a live polling and consensus process via a Web-based platform and conference call. Participants identified substantial concerns with 31% of the terms and/or definitions and suggested five additional strategies. Seventy-five percent of definitions from the originally published compilation of strategies were retained after voting. Ultimately, the expert panel reached consensus on a final compilation of 73 implementation strategies. This research advances the field by improving the conceptual clarity, relevance, and comprehensiveness of implementation strategies that can be used in isolation or combination in implementation research and practice. Future phases of ERIC will focus on developing conceptually distinct categories of strategies as well as ratings for each strategy’s importance and feasibility. Next, the expert panel will recommend multifaceted strategies for hypothetical yet real-world scenarios that vary by sites’ endorsement of evidence-based programs and practices and the strength of contextual supports that surround the effort.

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A refined compilation of implementation strategies: results from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) project.

Childhood psychic trauma appears to be a crucial etiological factor in the development of a number of serious disorders both in childhood and in adulthood. Like childhood rheumatic fever, psychic trauma sets a number of different problems into motion, any of which may lead to a definable mental condition. The author suggests four characteristics related to childhood trauma that appear to last for long periods of life, no matter what diagnosis the patient eventually receives. These are visualized or otherwise repeatedly perceived memories of the traumatic event, repetitive behaviors, trauma-specific fears, and changed attitudes about people, life, and the future. She divides childhood trauma into two basic types and defines the findings that can be used to characterize each of these types. Type I trauma includes full, detailed memories, "omens," and misperceptions. Type II trauma includes denial and numbing, self-hypnosis and dissociation, and rage. Crossover conditions often occur after sudden, shocking deaths or accidents that leave children handicapped. In these instances, characteristics of both type I and type II childhood traumas exist side by side. There may be considerable sadness. Each finding of childhood trauma discussed by the author is illustrated with one or two case examples.

Childhood traumas: an outline and overview.

Objective To examine the differential efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and child-centered therapy for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related emotional and behavioral problems in children who have suffered sexual abuse. Method Two hundred twenty-nine 8- to 14-year-old children and their primary caretakers were randomly assigned to the above alternative treatments. These children had significant symptoms of PTSD, with 89% meeting full DSM-IV PTSD diagnostic criteria. More than 90% of these children had experienced traumatic events in addition to sexual abuse. Results A series analyses of covariance indicated that children assigned to TF-CBT, compared to those assigned to child-centered therapy, demonstrated significantly more improvement with regard to PTSD, depression, behavior problems, shame, and abuse-related attributions. Similarly, parents assigned to TF-CBT showed greater improvement with respect to their own self-reported levels of depression, abuse-specific distress, support of the child, and effective parenting practices. Conclusions This study adds to the growing evidence supporting the efficacy of TF-CBT with children suffering PTSD as a result of sexual abuse and suggests the efficacy of this treatment for children who have experienced multiple traumas.

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A Multisite, Randomized Controlled Trial for Children With Sexual Abuse-Related PTSD Symptoms

Part I: Trauma-focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. The Impact of Trauma and Grief on Children and Families. Assessment Strategies for Traumatized Children. The TF-CBT Model: How it Works. The Role of the TF-CBT Therapist. Part II: Trauma-focused Components. Introduction to the TF-CBT Components. Trauma-focused Component 1: Psychoeducation. Trauma-focused Component 2: Parenting Skills. Trauma-focused Component 3: Relaxation. Trauma-focused Component 4: Affective Expression and Modulation. Trauma-focused Component 5: Cognitive Coping and Processing I: The Cognitive Triangle. Trauma-focused Component 6: Trauma Narrative. Trauma-focused Component 7: Cognitive Coping and Processing II: Processing the Traumatic Experience. Trauma-focused Component 8: In Vivo Mastery of Trauma Reminders. Trauma-focused Component 9: Conjoint Child-Parent Sessions. Trauma-focused Component 10: Enhancing Future Safety and Development. Part III: Grief-focused Components. Introduction to the Grief-focused Components. Grief-focused Component 1: Grief Psychoeducation. Grief-focused Component 2: Grieving the Loss and Resolving Ambivalent Feelings About the Deceased: "What I Miss and What I Don't Miss." Grief-focused Component 3: Preserving Positive Memories of the Deceased. Grief-focused Component 4: Redefining the Relationship with the Deceased and Committing to Present Relationships. Grief-focused Component 5: Conjoint Child-parent Sessions, Treatment Review, and Closure. Appendix 1: Handouts. Appendix 2: Resources. Appendix 3: Additional Training.

http://www.dlfiles24.com/pdf46/157347049-treating_trauma_and_traumatic_grief_in_children_and_adolescents_anthony_mannarino.pdf

Treating Trauma and Traumatic Grief in Children and Adolescents

This study examined the differential effects of child or non-offending mother participation in a cognitive behavioral intervention designed to treat posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other behavioral and emotional difficulties in school-aged sexually abused children. The 100 participating families were randomly assigned to one of three experimental treatment conditions—child only, mother only, or mother and child—or to a community control condition. Pre- and post-treatment evaluation included standardized measurement of children's behavior problems, anxiety, depression, and PTSD symptoms as well as of parenting practices. Two-by-two least-squares analyses of covariance were used to compare outcome measures. Results indicated that mothers assigned to the experimental treatment condition described significant decreases in their children's externalizing behaviors and increases in effective parenting skills; their children reported significant reductions in depression. Children who were assigned to the...

Sexually Abused Children Suffering Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: Initial Treatment Outcome Findings

Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents, 2nd ed.

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with the development of a variety of mental health disorders, and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) is an established treatment for children who have experienced CSA. However, there are questions about how many TF-CBT sessions should be delivered to achieve clinical efficacy and whether a trauma narrative (TN) component is essential. This study examined the differential effects of TF-CBT with or without the TN component in 8 versus 16 sessions. Methods: Two hundred and ten children (aged 4–11 years) referred for CSA and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment conditions: 8 sessions with no TN, 8 sessions with TN, 16 sessions with no TN, and 16 sessions with TN. Results: Mixed-model ANCOVAs demonstrated that significant posttreatment improvements had occurred with respect to 14 outcome measures across all conditions. Significant main and interactive effect differences were found across conditions with respect to specific outcomes. Conclusions: TF-CBT, regardless of the number of sessions or the inclusion of a TN component, was effective in improving participant symptomatology as well as parenting skills and the children’s personal safety skills. The eight session condition that included the TN component seemed to be the most effective and efficient means of ameliorating parents’ abuse-specific distress as well as children’s abuse-related fear and general anxiety. On the other hand, parents assigned to the 16 session, no narrative condition reported greater increases in effective parenting practices and fewer externalizing child behavioral problems at posttreatment. Depression and Anxiety 28:67–75, 2011. r 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Esther Deblinger

Papers

A Multisite, Randomized Controlled Trial for Children With Sexual Abuse-Related PTSD Symptoms

Treating Trauma and Traumatic Grief in Children and Adolescents

Sexually Abused Children Suffering Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms: Initial Treatment Outcome Findings

Treating trauma and traumatic grief in children and adolescents, 2nd ed.

Trauma‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy for children: impact of the trauma narrative and treatment length