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How to reconsider risk management in SMEs? An Advanced, Reasoned and Organised Literature Review

Digital games have been successfully applied in different working sectors as an occupational safety training method, but with a very limited application in agriculture. In agriculture and other productive sectors, unintentional injuries tend to occur with similar dynamics. A literature review was carried out to understand how occupational risks are addressed during game-based safety training in different productive sectors and how this can be transferred to agriculture. Literature about “serious game” and “gamification” as safety training methods was searched in WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, PUBMED and PsycINFO databases. In the forty-two publications retained, the computer was identified as the most adopted game support, whereas “points”, “levels”, “challenges” and “discovery” were the preferred game mechanics. Moreover, an association can be detected between the game mechanics and the elements developed in the game. Finally, during the game assessment, much positive feedback was collected and the games proved to be able to increase the operators’ skills and safety knowledge. In light of the results, insights are provided to develop an effective, satisfying and engaging safety game training for workers employed in agriculture. Games can be best used to learn and they are certain to improve over the next few years.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/4/1868/pdf

Innovating Occupational Safety Training: A Scoping Review on Digital Games and Possible Applications in Agriculture.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2022.108514

Playing it safe: A literature review and research agenda on motivational technologies in transportation safety

Gameplay is commonly considered to be a voluntary activity. Game designers generally believe that voluntary gameplay is essentially different from mandatory gameplay. Such a belief may be a challenge for serious games, as instruction is usually mandatory. The article describes the outcomes of two experiments on the impact of voluntariness on the learning effect and enjoyment of a serious game. In the first experiment freedom of choosing to play a serious game was studied, with participants who had volunteered to participate. The results suggested that, contrary to the opinion of many game designers, being required to play a serious game does not automatically take the fun out of the game. The second experiment had voluntary participants and mandatory participants, who had to participate as part of a homework assignment. The outcomes show that mandatory participants enjoyed the game as much as the voluntary participants, even if they had to play the game for a minimum required time. These studies indicate that mandatory gameplay does not reduce enjoyment and learning effect.

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Comparing Voluntary and Mandatory Gameplay

Positive developments in aviation, such as the increased safety of air travel, advanced automation and more efficient pilot training courses, may negatively influence the pilots’ abilities to handle unknown and unexpected situations. Pilots of the older generation often have experience with manually flying multiple types of aircraft and handling all kinds of incidents. In contrast, the future generation of pilots will not be given the chance to gain the experiences in practice. Consequently, they may not have the competencies needed to handle critical situations. This paper describes how we set about designing a serious game for the acquisition of the essential competencies for critical situations. The game offers meaningful events, which match situations that pilots can face someday. The events trigger and reinforce the competencies of situational awareness, workload management, and application of procedures.

Building a Game to Build Competencies.

Voluntariness is an important feature of games. Serious game designers intend to generate engaging gameplay, which implies that voluntary play should be equally important for serious games as for entertainment games. This paper describes the outcome of a study on the impact of voluntariness on learning in a serious game. The results of 19 participants, randomly assigned to voluntary and mandatory gameplay, are analyzed to identify possible differences. The findings of this study suggest that, contrary to the opinion of many game designers, being required to play a serious game does not necessarily take the fun out of the game.

Esther Kuindersma

Papers

Building a Game to Build Competencies.

Comparing Voluntary and Mandatory Gameplay

Voluntary Play in Serious Games

Game-Based Training for Airline Pilots