Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

http://nathan.instras.com/ResearchProposalDB/doc-109.pdf

A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites

Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique.

Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9021 CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Therapeutiques, 67084 Strasbourg, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy

Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes

Electrospinning is a highly versatile method to process solutions or melts, mainly of polymers, into continuous fibers with diameters ranging from a few micrometers to a few nanometers. This technique is applicable to virtually every soluble or fusible polymer. The polymers can be chemically modified and can also be tailored with additives ranging from simple carbon-black particles to complex species such as enzymes, viruses, and bacteria. Electrospinning appears to be straightforward, but is a rather intricate process that depends on a multitude of molecular, process, and technical parameters. The method provides access to entirely new materials, which may have complex chemical structures. Electrospinning is not only a focus of intense academic investigation; the technique is already being applied in many technological areas.

Electrospinning: A Fascinating Method for the Preparation of Ultrathin Fibers

Compound core-shell polymer nanofibers by co-electrospinning

Experimental investigation of the governing parameters in the electrospinning of polymer solutions

This paper describes an electrostatic field-assisted assembly technique combined with an electrospinning process used to position and align individual nanofibres (NFs) on a tapered and grounded wheel-like bobbin. The bobbin is able to wind a continuously as-spun nanofibre at its tip-like edge. The alignment approach has resulted in polyethylene oxide-based NFs with diameters ranging from 100-300 nm and lengths of up to hundreds of microns. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach for assembling NFs in parallel arrays while being able to control the average separation between the fibres.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0957-4484/12/3/329/pdf

Electrostatic field-assisted alignment of electrospun nanofibres

A straightforward, cheap and unique method to produce novel fibers with a diameter in the range of 100 nm and even less is related to electrospinning. For this goal, polymer solutions, liquid crystals, suspensions of solid particles and emulsions, are electrospun in the electric field of about 1 kV/cm. The electric force results in an electrically charged jet of polymer solution flowing out from a pendant or sessile droplet. After the jet flows away from the droplet in a nearly straight line, it bends into a complex path and other changes in shape occur, during which electrical forces stretch and thin it by very large ratios. After the solvent evaporates, birefringent nanofibers are left. Nanofibers of ordinary, conducting and photosensitive polymers were electrospun. The present review deals with the mechanism and electrohydrodynamic modeling of the instabilities and related processes resulting in electrospinning of nanofibers. Also some applications are discussed. In particular, a unique electrostatic field-assisted assembly technique was developed with the aim to position and align individual conducting and light-emitting nanofibers in arrays and ropes. These structures are of potential interest in the development of novel polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LED), diodes, transistors, photonic crystals and flexible photocells. Some other applications discussed include micro-aerodynamic decelerators and tiny flying objects based on permeable nanofiber mats (smart dust), nanofiber-based filters, protective clothing, biomedical applications including wound dressings, drug delivery systems based on nanotubes, the design of solar sails, light sails and mirrors for use in space, the application of pesticides to plants, structural elements in artificial organs, reinforced composites, as well as nanofibers reinforced by carbon nanotubes.

Electrospinning of Nanofibers from Polymer Solutions and Melts

The electrospinning process was used successfully to fabricate nanofibers of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in which multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are embedded. Initial dispersion of MWCNTs in water was achieved using amphiphiles, either as small molecules (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) or as a high molecular weight, highly branched polymer (Gum Arabic). These dispersions provided separation of the MWCNTs and their individual incorporation into the PEO nanofibers by subsequent electrospinning. The focus of this work is on the development of axial orientations in these multicomponent nanofibers. A theoretical model is presented for the behavior of rodlike particles representing CNTs in electrospinning. Initially the rods are randomly oriented, but due to the sinklike flow in a wedge they are gradually oriented mainly along the stream lines, so that straight CNTs are almost oriented upon entering the electrospun jet. The degrees of orientation of polymer, surfactant, and MWCNT were studied using X-ray dif...

Eyal Zussman

Papers

Compound core-shell polymer nanofibers by co-electrospinning

Experimental investigation of the governing parameters in the electrospinning of polymer solutions

Electrostatic field-assisted alignment of electrospun nanofibres

Electrospinning of Nanofibers from Polymer Solutions and Melts

Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in Oriented Polymer Nanofibers by Electrospinning