다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Kenji Sumida, David L. Rogow, Jarad A. Mason, Thomas M. McDonald, Eric D. Bloch, Zoey R. Herm, Tae-Hyun Bae, Jeffrey R. Long

Carbon Dioxide Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks

Since the time of the industrial revolution, the atmospheric CO(2) concentration has risen by nearly 35 % to its current level of 383 ppm. The increased carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has been suggested to be a leading contributor to global climate change. To slow the increase, reductions in anthropogenic CO(2) emissions are necessary. Large emission point sources, such as fossil-fuel-based power generation facilities, are the first targets for these reductions. A benchmark, mature technology for the separation of dilute CO(2) from gas streams is via absorption with aqueous amines. However, the use of solid adsorbents is now being widely considered as an alternative, potentially less-energy-intensive separation technology. This Review describes the CO(2) adsorption behavior of several different classes of solid carbon dioxide adsorbents, including zeolites, activated carbons, calcium oxides, hydrotalcites, organic-inorganic hybrids, and metal-organic frameworks. These adsorbents are evaluated in terms of their equilibrium CO(2) capacities as well as other important parameters such as adsorption-desorption kinetics, operating windows, stability, and regenerability. The scope of currently available CO(2) adsorbents and their critical properties that will ultimately affect their incorporation into large-scale separation processes is presented.

Adsorbent Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Large Anthropogenic Point Sources

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is broadly recognised as having the potential to play a key role in meeting climate change targets, delivering low carbon heat and power, decarbonising industry and, more recently, its ability to facilitate the net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere. However, despite this broad consensus and its technical maturity, CCS has not yet been deployed on a scale commensurate with the ambitions articulated a decade ago. Thus, in this paper we review the current state-of-the-art of CO2 capture, transport, utilisation and storage from a multi-scale perspective, moving from the global to molecular scales. In light of the COP21 commitments to limit warming to less than 2 °C, we extend the remit of this study to include the key negative emissions technologies (NETs) of bioenergy with CCS (BECCS), and direct air capture (DAC). Cognisant of the non-technical barriers to deploying CCS, we reflect on recent experience from the UK's CCS commercialisation programme and consider the commercial and political barriers to the large-scale deployment of CCS. In all areas, we focus on identifying and clearly articulating the key research challenges that could usefully be addressed in the coming decade.

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS): the way forward

An experimental adsorbent screening study for CO2 removal from N2

Supercapacitors (SCs) have shown great promise as a possible solution to the increasing world demand for efficient energy storage Two types of mechanisms for SCs exist (double-layer and pseudocapacitive), and each type utilizes a wide variety of materials In this review, a detailed overview of the mechanisms employed by SCs is provided in the introduction, and many studies are compared in order to determine which materials produce electrodes with high capacitance and cyclability in SCs, and to summarize and gauge the state of such research The types of materials looked at include graphene and graphene nanocomposites, activated carbons from renewable materials, conducting polymers, and transition metal dichalcogenides Additionally, different methods of activation that are meant to increase specific capacitance are examined Among the dozens of materials found in the literature during this study, the ones that exhibited the highest specific capacitances are rGO/PANI (Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline), and PANI-NFS/GF (Polyaniline Nanofiber Sponge Filled Graphene Foam) demonstrated impressive performances These materials all exceeded the current expectations of SCs by remarkable amounts, and more research into similar materials is highly encouraged As more fundamental studies carried out for understanding the mechanisms of SCs, energy density and specific capacitance values continue to improve Production of SCs from renewable materials encourage optimism for environmentally friendly options soon becoming feasible for use on larger scales

Materials for energy storage: Review of electrode materials and methods of increasing capacitance for supercapacitors

The rising cost of crude oil combined with the depletion of the resources, political instability in oil producing countries, and the desire to reduce the current dependence on imported oil are some of the reasons that have motivated the different waves of interest for renewable and sustainable fuels. In addition to bioethanol and biodiesel, biobutanol is attracting significant interest as a biofuel mainly due to the recent advances in biotechnology for its production. Biobutanol has lower water miscibility, flammability, and corrosiveness than ethanol, and has the enviable advantage to be able to directly replace gasoline in car engines without requiring modifications. Butanol can be produced from a wide variety of waste biomass feedstock which does not compete with food. In butanol bioproduction, the most widely used microorganisms for acetonebutanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation are anaerobic bacteria such as the solventogenic Clostridia including Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii. However, the production of biobutanol via fermentation is facing significant engineering challenges due to the very low final concentration and low yield due to the severe butanol toxicity to microorganisms. It is therefore important to find an efficient separation technique to recover butanol at the end of fermentation or during the fermentation to reduce the level of toxicity and prolong the fermentation. In this article, the main butanol separation techniques such as adsorption, gas stripping, liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), perstraction, reverse osmosis (RO) and pervaporation were discussed. It was concluded that adsorption and pervaporation are the separation techniques that offer the most potential for butanol separation from dilute solutions.

Separation techniques in butanol production: Challenges and developments

Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption

With depleting reserves of traditional fuels, there is a worldwide demand for alternative energy solutions. One of the most promising developing technologies is energy storage, as it provides the benefit of capturing available energy for use at a later time. This paper gives an overview of the numerous forms of energy storage technologies under investigation and development, with a focus on thermal energy storage through adsorption. The current materials tested for adsorption energy storage capabilities are presented together with their corresponding performances. The materials with the best thermal energy storage performance presented in the literature include hybrid adsorbents, adsorbents with salt impregnations, and adsorbents with alkaline additions, which provide energy densities of 226–309 kW h/m3. Furthermore, the demonstrative projects and systems that currently use this technology are presented. Although thermal energy storage using adsorption processes is not currently economically viable, with continued material development and system optimization, this technology has the potential to become competitive in the near future.

F. Handan Tezel

Papers

An experimental adsorbent screening study for CO2 removal from N2

Materials for energy storage: Review of electrode materials and methods of increasing capacitance for supercapacitors

Separation techniques in butanol production: Challenges and developments

Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption

A review of energy storage technologies with a focus on adsorption thermal energy storage processes for heating applications