Fenton chemistry encompasses reactions of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron to generate highly reactive species such as the hydroxyl radical and possibly others. In this review, the complex mechanisms of Fenton and Fenton-like reactions and the important factors influencing these reactions, from both a fundamental and practical perspective, in applications to water and soil treatment, are discussed. The review covers modified versions including the photoassisted Fenton reaction, use of chelated iron, electro-Fenton reactions, and Fenton reactions using heterogeneous catalysts. Sections are devoted to nonclassical pathways, by-products, kinetics and process modeling, experimental design methodology, soil and aquifer treatment, use of Fenton in combination with other advanced oxidation processes or biodegradation, economic comparison with other advanced oxidation processes, and case studies.

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Advanced Oxidation Processes for Organic Contaminant Destruction Based on the Fenton Reaction and Related Chemistry

Combination of Advanced Oxidation Processes and biological treatments for wastewater decontamination—A review

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) constitute a promising technology for the treatment of wastewaters containing non-easily removable organic compounds. Chlorophenols (CPs) are a group of special interest due to their high toxicity and low biodegradability. Data concerning the degradation of CPs by means of AOPs reported during the period 1995–2002 are evaluated in this work. Among the AOPs, the following techniques are studied: processes based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2+UV, Fenton, photo-Fenton and Fenton-like processes), photolysis, photocatalysis and processes based on ozone (O3, O3+UV and O3+catalyst). Half-life times and kinetic constants for CP degradation are reviewed and the different mechanistic degradation pathways are taken into account.

Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: a general review

http://repository.ias.ac.in/39608/1/49_pub.pdf

A review of imperative technologies for wastewater treatment I: oxidation technologies at ambient conditions

Degradation and removal methods of antibiotics from aqueous matrices--a review.

The kinetics of the reaction between ozone and the insecticide Propoxur (also known as Baygon) is studied from ozone absorption experiments carried out in a semicontinuous tank reactor. Mass transfer coefficients and interfacial areas for the reactor were determined previously, and a stoichiometric ratio of 3 moles of ozone consumed per mole of Propoxur reacted is deduced from homogeneous experiments in a discontinuous tank reactor. The overall reaction orders and rate constants are determined following the film theory which is applied to the experimental data, and a general equation which correlates these constants as a function of pH and temperature is proposed. The process develops in the fast pseudo‐first‐order kinetic regime of absorption.

Degradation of Propoxur by ozone

Elimination of Neonicotinoids by Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes: Kinetics and Performance in Real Water Matrices

Kinetics of the biodegradation of wine distillery wastewaters by anaerobic digestion.

A bubble column absorber was used to investigate kinetics of the reaction between carbon dioxide and aqueous solutions of diisopropanolamine (DIPA), by means of gas absorption experiments. These were conducted in the temperature range of 20 to 40°C, with DIPA concentrations from 5 to 500 mol/m3, and CO2 partial pressures between 5 and 101 kPa. A model based on the Danckwerts' surface reneval theory was used to analyze the experimental results and to determine the rate constant. The obtained data support the assumption of a second-order overall reaction, with the rate constants being well correlated by the Arrhenius equation:

Kinetics of carbon dioxide absorption in aqueous solutions of diisopropanolamine

The bromination of five selected pharmaceuticals (metoprolol, naproxen, amoxicillin, hydrochlorotiazide and phenacetin) in ultrapure water and in three water matrices (a groundwater, a surface water from a public reservoir and a secondary effluent from a WWTP) was investigated. The apparent rate constants for the bromination reaction were determined as a function of the pH, and the sequence obtained for the reaction rate was amoxicillin > naproxen >> hydrochlorotiazide ≈ phenacetin ≈ metoprolol. The proposal of a kinetic mechanism, which specifies the dissociation of bromine and each pharmaceutical according to their pKa values and the pH allowed the determination of the intrinsic rate constants for every elementary reaction. The influence of the main operating conditions (pH, initial bromine dose, and the water matrix) on the degradation of pharmaceuticals was established. In addition, the presence of bromide in chlorination experiments was investigated. The presence of bromide in wastewaters and drinking waters in the range of 10 to several hundred μg L accelerated slightly the oxidation of the selected pharmaceuticals during chorine disinfection. Keywords—Pharmaceuticals, bromine, chlorine, apparent and intrinsic rate constants, water matrices, degradation rates

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F. Javier Benitez

Papers

Degradation of Propoxur by ozone

Elimination of Neonicotinoids by Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes: Kinetics and Performance in Real Water Matrices

Kinetics of the biodegradation of wine distillery wastewaters by anaerobic digestion.

Kinetics of carbon dioxide absorption in aqueous solutions of diisopropanolamine

Oxidation of Selected Pharmaceuticals in Water Matrices by Bromine and Chlorine