Effect of magnesium supplementation on insulin resistance in humans: A systematic review

Breast cancer is a disease of high mortality, characterized by the progressive accumulation of mutations that contribute to the uncontrolled development of breast tissue cells. Literature shows that disturbances in mineral homeostasis, such as magnesium, may interfere with tumor progression. The objective of this study is to provide updated information about magnesium’s role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. A review of literature was carried out from a search for articles in the PubMed and CAPES Periodicals databases published between 1995 and 2016 with the cross-references of the descriptors “magnesium,” “breast neoplasms,” and “oxidative stress” and the corresponding words in Portuguese. We included studies on the metabolism and bioavailability of magnesium and studies related to breast cancer and excluded articles in which only the abstract was available, dissertations, theses, articles involving adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant therapies, and supplementation of minerals in breast cancer patients. Magnesium is a mineral that participates in the metabolism of various nutrients and nucleic acids. In the presence of breast cancer, neoplastic cells increase the expression of magnesium transport channels, which raises the intracellular concentration of the mineral, contributing to tumor growth through its function of increasing energy demand. The data obtained in this review illustrates the influence of magnesium on the progression of breast cancer. However, the existing data are scarce and inconsistent, which demonstrates a need for further studies on the subject with a goal to have better control of the disease.

Magnesium in Breast Cancer: What Is Its Influence on the Progression of This Disease?

Introduction: The accumulation of visceral fat in obesity is associated with excessive production of proinflammatory adipokines, which contributes to low-grade chronic inflammation state. Moreover, the literature has shown that mineral deficiency, in particular of magnesium, has important role in the pathogenesis of this metabolic disorder with relevant clinical repercussions. Objective: To bring updated information about the participation of hypomagnesemia in the manifestation of low-grade chronic inflammation in obese individuals. Method: Articles published in PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and ScienceDirect, using the following keywords: "obesity," "magnesium" and "low grade inflammation." Results: Scientific evidence suggests that magnesium deficiency favors the manifestation of low-grade chronic inflammation in obese subjects. Conclusion: From literature data, it is evident the participation of magnesium through biochemical and metabolic reactions in protecting against this metabolic disorder present in obesity.

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Hypomagnesemia and its relation with chronic low-grade inflammation in obesity.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between magnesium status and oxidative stress in obese and nonobese women. This cross-sectional study included 83 women, aged between 20 and 50 years, who were divided into two groups: the obese group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 52). The control group was age-matched with the obese group. Magnesium intake was monitored using 3-day food records and NutWin software version 1.5. The plasma and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were determined as biomarkers for lipid peroxidation and therefore of oxidative stress. The mean values of the magnesium content in the diet were found to be lower than those recommended, though there was no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). The mean concentrations of plasma and erythrocyte magnesium were within the normal range, with no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). The mean concentration of plasma TBARS was higher in obese woman, and the difference between the groups was statistically different (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between erythrocyte magnesium and plasma TBARS in the obese group (p = 0.021). Obese patients ingest low dietary magnesium content, which does not seem to affect the plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of the mineral. The study showed a negative correlation between erythrocyte magnesium concentrations and plasma TBARS, suggesting the influence of magnesium status on the parameters of oxidative stress in obese women.

Magnesium Status and Its Association with Oxidative Stress in Obese Women

Asthma is a condition characterised by a chronic immunoinflammatory response to different triggers. Neopterin (NPT) is synthesised by human macrophages upon stimulation with interferon-γ and is also capable of enhancing the oxidative potential of reactive oxygen species. NPT is useful for the monitoring of cell-mediated (Th1-type) immune activation. This study analysed the behaviour of NPT in long lasting asthma, considering its role as a marker of Th1 environment. Allergic parameters (skin prick tests, Immunoglobin E (IgE), and eosinophil count) and NPT

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Artigo Original Original Article

EnglishRecent studies have shown inadequate intake of various nutrients, and magnesium, in particular is a mineral with reduced consumption among the population. Therefore, considering the importance of magnesium metabolism in maintenance of homeostasis, the paucity of data regarding the consumption of this mineral, this review aims to bring current information on metabolism, bioavailability and intake of this micronutrient. A narrative review was conducted, and the literature was carried out in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, using the following key words: “magnesium metabolism”, “bioavailability”, “intake”. Magnesium deficiency can result from inadequate intake or increased excretion, and the homeostasis of this nutrient in our body is mainly regulated by the kidneys. There are factors that inhibit the absorption process of magnesium, such as the presence in the diet of foods rich in phytates, oxalates, phosphates and dietary fiber; and promoters, such as lactose, and carbohydrates. It is observed that the average intake values of magnesium by the population are lower than recommendations of the Dietary Reference Intakes. Thus, it is clear that there is inadequacy in magnesium consumption, which contributes to manifestation of their disability in the population, and studies on the topic are required, whereas the metabolism of this mineral is not fully elucidated, neither their interactions with other nutrients or dietary substances. portuguesEstudos atuais tem mostrado inadequacao na ingestao de diversos nutrientes, sendo o magnesio, em particular, um mineral com consumo reduzido pela populacao. Considerando a importância do magnesio no metabolismo e manutencao da homeostase do organismo, a escassez de dados sobre o consumo desse mineral, esta revisao visa trazer informacoes atualizadas sobre o metabolismo, biodisponibilidade e ingestao desse micronutriente. Foi conduzida uma revisao narrativa, sendo que o levantamento bibliografico foi realizado nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs, utilizando as seguintes palavras-chave: “magnesium metabolism”, “bioavailability”, “intake”. A deficiencia de magnesio pode decorrer da ingestao inadequada ou excrecao aumentada, sendo a homeostase desse nutriente, em nosso organismo, regulada principalmente pelos rins. Existem fatores inibidores do processo de absorcao do magnesio, como a presenca na dieta de alimentos ricos em fitatos, oxalatos, fosfatos e fibras alimentares; e promotores, tais como a lactose e carboidratos. Observa-se que a ingestao media de magnesio pela populacao encontra-se em valores inferiores as recomendacoes das Dietary Reference Intakes. Assim, e evidente a existencia de inadequacao no consumo de magnesio, o que contribui para a manifestacao de sua deficiencia na populacao, sendo necessarios estudos sobre o tema, considerando que o metabolismo desse mineral nao esta completamente elucidado, bem como suas interacoes com outros nutrientes ou substâncias da dieta.

Aspectos Metabólicos e Nutricionais do Magnésio

ARTEMIZIA FRANCISCA DE SOUSA1; FABIANA POLTRONIERI2; DILINA DO NASCIMENTO MARREIRO3 1Graduanda do Curso de Nutrição Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Piauí-Brasil 2Professora Doutora do Curso de Nutrição do Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo e Faculdades Integradas Coração de Jesus, Santo André Brasil 3Professora Doutora do Departamento de Nutrição – Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Piauí – Brasil Endereço para correspondência: Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro Av. Marechal Castelo Branco no 800 Apto 1401 Ilhotas, Teresina – PI – Brasil CEP 64001-810 Email: marreiro@usp.br SOUSA, A. F.; POLTRONIERI, F. ; MARREIRO, D. N. Role of calcium in

Participação do cálcio na obesidade

JULIANA DE MELO SA1; CAMILA SOUZA MOTA2; GLEICE CRISTINA FREITAS LIMA3; DILINA DO NASCIMENTO MARREIRO4; FABIANA POLTRONIERI5 1Nutricionista graduada pelo Centro Universitario Sao Camilo, SP 2Nutricionista graduada pelo Centro Universitario Sao Camilo, SP 3Nutricionista graduada pelo Centro Universitario Sao Camilo, SP 4Professora Doutora da Universidade Federal do Piaui 5Professora Doutora do Centro Universitario Sao Camilo, SP Endereco para correspondencia: Juliana de Melo Sa Rua Frei Fidelis Mota, 489 Bairro Parque Cruzeiro do Sul – Sao Paulo SP E-mail: julimelo_nutri@ yahoo.com.br Agradecimentos: agradecemos a Professora Vilma Moreira Ferreira pela revisao ortografi ca. SA, J . M. ; MOTA, C. S . ; L IMA, G. C. F . ; MARREIRO, D. N. ;

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Soluble fiber participation in the glycemic control of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The present study aimed to identify the relationship between parameters of dietary and erythrocyte selenium and lipid profile markers in women with obesity. This is a case-control study involving 56 women, aged between 20 and 50 years, divided into two groups: case group (obese, n = 22) and control group (eutrophic, n = 34). The concentrations of dietary and erythrocyte selenium and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol) were evaluated. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Piaui, under opinion number 2,014,100. The data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS for Windows 20.0 ®. As for the results, it was observed that the average values of dietary selenium intake were adequate according to the recommendations of the recommended daily intake of 55 µg of selenium (p> 0.05). Obese women had reduced erythrocyte concentrations of selenium when compared to the control group (p <0.05). Regarding the lipid profile, obese women showed high parameters of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c and VLDL-c and reduced HDL-c values, when compared to the control group (p <0.05). In addition, there was no significant correlation between dietary and erythrocyte selenium and the parameters of the lipid profile between the groups evaluated. In view of the results, the study reveals no correlation between the dietary and erythrocyte selenium marker and the parameters of the lipid profile.

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Selênio eritrocitário e sua relação com o perfil lipídico em mulheres obesas

The present study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary vitamin C intake and activity of antioxidant enzymes in obese women. This is a case-control study, involving 62 women, aged between 20 and 50 years, divided into two groups: control group (eutrophic women, n = 40) and case group (obese women, n = 22). The measures of weight and height were considered to calculate the body mass index, as well as the estimated intake of calories, macronutrients and vitamin C. In addition, blood samples were collected from the participants for further analysis of the erythrocyte activity of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. The data were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS for Windows 22.0. As for the results, a statistically significant difference was observed regarding the consumption of carbohydrates and lipids (p <0.05), being lower in the case group. Moreover, obese women ingested less vitamin C than the control group (p <0.05). The activity of the glutathione peroxidase enzyme was similar in the groups, however, reduced activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme was observed in obese women (p <0.05). There was no correlation between the parameters of vitamin C and antioxidant enzymes in the groups. Wherefore, it is concluded that the intake of vitamin C did not seem to influence the activity of antioxidant enzymes.

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Fabiana Poltronieri

Papers

Aspectos Metabólicos e Nutricionais do Magnésio

Participação do cálcio na obesidade

Soluble fiber participation in the glycemic control of subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Selênio eritrocitário e sua relação com o perfil lipídico em mulheres obesas

Relação entre ingestão de vitamina C e enzimas antioxidantes em mulheres obesas