Fabio Pammolli

TL;DR: The size distribution of business firms is explained using number and size of firms' constituent components as discussed by the authors, which is a lognormal distribution multiplied by a stretching factor which can lead to a Pareto upper tail.

TL;DR: This study examines the decline of R&D productivity in pharmaceuticals in the past two decades and shows that this decline is associated with an increasing concentration ofR&D investments in areas in which the risk of failure is high, which correspond to unmet therapeutic needs and unexploited biological mechanisms.

TL;DR: A massive analysis of the impact of lockdown measures introduced in response to the spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on socioeconomic conditions of Italian citizens is presented and evidence of a segregation effect is found, since mobility contraction is stronger in municipalities in which inequality is higher and for those where individuals have lower income per capita.

TL;DR: It is shown that the roles of large and small firms differ in the United States and Europe, arguing that the greater heterogeneity of the U.S. system is based on much closer integration of basic science and clinical development.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors draw on diverse data sets to compare the institutional organization of upstream life science research across the United States and Europe, and demonstrate that innovative research in biomedicine has its origins in regional clusters in the U.S. and Europe.