https://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/familymedicine/fpinfo/Docs/Chest%20Rx%20VTE%20Feb%202016.pdf

Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics A Textbook of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics for Physicians and Medical Students. By Prof. Louis Goodman and Prof. Alfred Gilman. Pp. xiii + 1383. (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941.) 50s. net.

The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

2.2. New Approaches 707 2.2.1. Optical Sensor Systems 707 2.2.2. Mass Spectrometry 708 2.2.3. Ion Mobility Spectrometry 708 2.2.4. Gas Chromatography 709 2.2.5. Infrared Spectroscopy 709 2.2.6. Use of Substance-Class-Specific Sensors 709 2.3. Combined Technologies 710 3. Companies 710 4. Application Areas 710 4.1. Food and Beverage 712 4.2. Environmental Monitoring 715 4.3. Disease Diagnosis 716 5. Research and Development Trends 718 5.1. Sample Handling 719 5.2. Filters and Analyte Gas Separation 719 5.3. Data Evaluation 720 6. Conclusion 721 7. References 722

/pdf/electronic-nose-current-status-and-future-trends-475b22mugv.pdf

Electronic nose: current status and future trends.

The entry of anti-infectives into the central nervous system (CNS) depends on the compartment studied, molecular size, electric charge, lipophilicity, plasma protein binding, affinity to active transport systems at the blood-brain/blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, and host factors such as meningeal inflammation and CSF flow. Since concentrations in microdialysates and abscesses are not frequently available for humans, this review focuses on drug CSF concentrations. The ideal compound to treat CNS infections is of small molecular size, is moderately lipophilic, has a low level of plasma protein binding, has a volume of distribution of around 1 liter/kg, and is not a strong ligand of an efflux pump at the blood-brain or blood-CSF barrier. When several equally active compounds are available, a drug which comes close to these physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties should be preferred. Several anti-infectives (e.g., isoniazid, pyrazinamide, linezolid, metronidazole, fluconazole, and some fluoroquinolones) reach a CSF-to-serum ratio of the areas under the curves close to 1.0 and, therefore, are extremely valuable for the treatment of CNS infections. In many cases, however, pharmacokinetics have to be balanced against in vitro activity. Direct injection of drugs, which do not readily penetrate into the CNS, into the ventricular or lumbar CSF is indicated when other effective therapeutic options are unavailable.

Penetration of Drugs through the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid/Blood-Brain Barrier for Treatment of Central Nervous System Infections

Demographic information, risk factors, therapy, and outcome for all patients who had candidemia at Barnes Hospital, St. Louis, between 1 September 1988 and 1 September 1989 were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred six candidemic patients were identified, representing 0.5% of all medical and surgical discharges and 0.33% of total patient discharges. These percentages represent a 20-fold increase in the incidence of candidemia at our hospital in comparison with that during 1976-1979. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated species (63%), followed by Candida tropicalis (17%), Candida glabrata (13%), Candida parapsilosis (6.5%), and Candida krusei (0.9%). Overall mortality was 57%, and 14 (23%) of 60 deaths occurred within 48 hours of the detection of candidemia. Mortality was associated with higher APACHE II scores (25 for nonsurvivors vs. 16 for survivors; P = .0001), the presence of a rapidly fatal underlying illness (P = .0009), and sustained positivity of blood cultures (P = .02). In cases of sustained candidemia, the isolation of non-albicans Candida species also correlated with increased mortality (8 of 8 vs. 10 of 21; P = .005). Thirty candidemic patients (28%) did not receive any antifungal therapy, and 19 (63%) of these untreated patients died. Eleven untreated patients (37%) survived without sequelae. There has been a marked increase in the incidence of candidemia in our institution that is associated with a high overall mortality. Candidemia lasting less than 24 hours was associated with a lower mortality than was that of longer duration. Severity of illness and duration of candidemia should be used as stratifying factors in prospective studies to determine optimum therapy.

Candidemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Predictors of Mortality

Hypothermia in the uremic patient

The snail Biomphalaria glabrata (Say) was infected with two species of echinostomes of Brazilian origin: Paryphostomum segregatumDietz and Echinostoma lindoenseSandground and Bonne. Snails harboring E. lindoense were easily superinfected with P. segregatum. Developing P. segregatum rediae consumed E. lindoense larvae and eventually cleared the snails of this species except for metacercarial cysts. E. lindoense rediae were unable to consume P. segregatum larvae, but they exerted indirect antagonism resulting in delayed development of P. segregatum. Snails simultaneously exposed to the two species of miracidia developed double infections, but E. lindoense larvae were ultimately destroyed in the snails. Snails infected with P. segregatum were difficult to superinfect with E. lindoense. Double infections developed only when the exposure interval was 10 days or less. P. segregatum rediae consumed E. lindoense larvae in these double infections.

Antagonism between two species of echinostomes (Paryphostomum segregatum and Echinostoma lindoense) in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata.

While domestic pets are capable of transmitting disease and inflicting injury, they may also be of benefit to human health. Studies suggest that companion animals, in addition to their well-known role as helpers to the handicapped, may alleviate depression, solace the lonely, facilitate psycho-therapy, socialize criminals, lower blood pressure, increase survivorship from myocardial infarction and ease the social pain of aging in our society.

The therapeutic value of pets

Fever of unknown origin. The general internist's approach

By reading, you can know the knowledge and things more, not only about what you get from people to people. Book will be more trusted. As this clinical diagnosis a physiologic approach, it will really give you the good idea to be successful. It is not only for you to be success in certain life you can be successful in everything. The success can be started by knowing the basic knowledge and do actions.

Faith T Fitzgerald

Papers

Hypothermia in the uremic patient

Antagonism between two species of echinostomes (Paryphostomum segregatum and Echinostoma lindoense) in the snail Biomphalaria glabrata.

The therapeutic value of pets

Fever of unknown origin. The general internist's approach

Clinical diagnosis : a physiologic approach